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REMOVAL OF LINDANE AND ESCHERICIA COLI (E.COLI) FROM RAINWATER USING PHOTOCATALYTIC AND ADSORPTION TREATMENT PROCESSES

Omar K.F.M., Aziz N.A.A., Amr S.S.A. and Palaniandy P.

Paper Topic:

Water and Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Low concentrations of contaminants in rainwater is the primary benefit of transforming it as an alternative source of drinking water. However, treatment is necessary as rainwater collects contaminants that are persistent in the environment such as lindane and E.coli. The combination of photocatalysis and adsorption processes was chosen as the treatment method in this study. From the results obtained, photocatalysis treatment process was able to degrade lindane in synthetic rainwater under different experimental conditions such as pH, titanium dioxide (TiO2) dosage, and initial concentration. The photodegradation process of lindane followed pseudo kinetic first order. In adsorption process, the adsorbents used in the process are limestone and laterite soil. The performance of these adsorbents are determined by carrying out an equilibrium batch study.The experimental works show that limestone and laterite soil able to remove E. coli at 99%. The optimum dosage of limestone and laterite soil to remove E. coli from synthetic rainwater is 6g and 2g, respectively. The results were then analysed by developing Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. Overall, the processes of photocatalysis and adsorption showed a good performance in removing lindane and E.coli from the synthetic rainwater respectively.

Change in snow depletion pattern in a river basin of Arunachal Pradesh under projected climatic scenarios

Mishra P., Bandyopadhyay A. and Bhadra A.

Paper Topic:

General

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Abstract

Snow depletion curves (SDCs) are important in hydrological studies for predicting snowmelt generated runoff in high mountain catchments. The present study deals with the derivation of the average snow depletion pattern in the Mago basin of Arunachal Pradesh, which falls in the eastern Himalayan region and the generation of climate affected SDCs in future years (2020, 2030, 2040, and 2050) under different projected climatic scenarios. The MODIS daily snow cover product at 500m resolution from both the Aqua and Terra satellites was used to obtain daily snow cover maps. MOD10A1 and MYD10A1 images were compared to select cloud free or minimum cloud image to obtain the temporal distribution of snow cover area (SCA). Snow accumulation and depletion patterns were obtained by analysing SCA at different days. For most of the years, two peaks were observed in the SCA analysis. The conventional depletion curve (CDC) representing present climate was derived by determining and interpolating the SCA from cloud-free (cloud<5%) images for the selected hydrological year 2007. The investigation shows that the SCA was highest in February and lowest in May. Ten years meteorological data were used to normalize the temperature and precipitation data of the selected hydrological year (2007) to eliminate the impact of their yearly fluctuations on the snow cover depletion. The temperature and precipitation changes under four different projected climatic scenarios (A1B, A2, B1, and IPCC Commitment) were analysed for future years. Changes in the cumulative snowmelt depth with respect to the present climate for different future years were studied by a degree-day approach and were found to be highest under A1B, followed by A2, B1, and IPCC Commitment scenarios. It was observed that the A1B climatic scenario affected the depletion pattern most, making the depletion of snow to start and complete faster than under different scenarios. Advancing of depletion curve for different future years was found to be highest under A1B and lowest under IPCC Commitment scenarios with A2 and B1 in-between them.

Removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous medium using ionic polyacrylamides

Nunes A. F.,Melo R. P. F., Duarte M. M. L., Barros Neto E. L.

Paper Topic:

Water and Wastewater Treatment

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Abstract

The wastewater produced by the galvanoplasty industry is a serious environmental problem due to the high concentrations of heavy metals. In this study polymers were used in ionic flocculation to treat synthetic wastewater containing metals, applying four types of polyacrylamides with different ionic loads as agents to remove copper and zinc. Metal removal efficiency was assessed considering the influence of polymer concentration, ionic load and pH. Selectivity (Cu2+/Zn2+) at different polymer concentrations was also evaluated. The results confirm that polyacrylamide is efficient in treating wastewater containing heavy metals. These experiments exhibited removal efficiency of around 40% and pH= 4,5; however, efficiency was more than 80% with pH= 7.0 under the same conditions, when polyacrylamides with average ionicity were used.

Reproducibility of solid-state fermentation at bench-scale: the case of protease production

Abraham J. Gea T. Komilis D. Sanchez A.

Paper Topic:

Solid Waste Management

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Abstract

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) process appears to be an efficient way to recover and valorise organic residues from industries and to generate other products of industrial significance, such as enzymes. As the reproducibility of SSF is one of the main drawbacks in the development of this process, a complete study on this point was carried out. Materials with high nitrogen content, soy waste (SW) and hair waste (HW), were treated by SSF to obtain both proteases for different uses and a stabilized material for soil amendment. The bench scale reactors used in the experiments had a 4.5 l volume. Eight and five experiments were performed with the SW and HW, respectively, over a period of 2.5 years with different batches of each material. The highest production of proteases was observed after 3 days and after 14 days of fermentation, for soy and hair wastes, respectively. In the case of hair waste (HW), the overall CV was close to 4.0% for both the maximum protease activity (PA) and the maximum specific protease activity (sPA). In the case of SW, the overall CVs recorded were 43% and 18.6% for the maximum PA and the maximum sPA, respectively. This demonstrates that SSF can be a reproducible process in bench scale reactors. This is the first study and a help to researchers to develop SSF experiments in a consistent and conclusive way.Solid-state fermentation (SSF) process appears to be an efficient way to recover and valorise organic residues from industries and to generate other products of industrial significance, such as enzymes. As the reproducibility of SSF is one of the main drawbacks in the development of this process, a complete study on this point was carried out. Materials with high nitrogen content, soy waste (SW) and hair waste (HW), were treated by SSF to obtain both proteases for different uses and a stabilized material for soil amendment. The bench scale reactors used in the experiments had a 4.5 l volume. Eight and five experiments were performed with the SW and HW, respectively, over a period of 2.5 years with different batches of each material. The highest production of proteases was observed after 3 days and after 14 days of fermentation, for soy and hair wastes, respectively. In the case of hair waste (HW), the overall CV was close to 4.0% for both the maximum protease activity (PA) and the maximum specific protease activity (sPA). In the case of SW, the overall CVs recorded were 43% and 18.6% for the maximum PA and the maximum sPA, respectively. This demonstrates that SSF can be a reproducible process in bench scale reactors. This is the first study and a help to researchers to develop SSF experiments in a consistent and conclusive way.

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Articles in Press

REMOVAL OF LINDANE AND ESCHERICIA COLI (E.COLI) FROM RAINWATER USING PHOTOCATALYTIC AND ADSORPTION TREATMENT PROCESSES

Change in snow depletion pattern in a river basin of Arunachal Pradesh under projected climatic scenarios

Removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous medium using ionic polyacrylamides

Reproducibility of solid-state fermentation at bench-scale: the case of protease production

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