Global NEST Journal

ISSN:

Print ISSN: 1790-7632

Electronic ISSN: 2241-777X

Issue 4 (In progress)

Volume number:

Publication year:

2024

Number of publications: 14

Thematic

Water and wastewater
Solid waste management
Climate change and air pollution
Circular economy

Water and wastewater

Application of response surface methodology and neural networks in pyramid solar still for seawater desalination: An optimization and prediction strategy
Yuvaperiyasamy M Senthilkumar N Deepanraj B Gokilakrishnan G Premkumar R , Pages:1-11

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005773
Paper Topic:
Desalination

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Abstract
Potable water is essential in various aspects of daily life. Converting brackish water to drinkable water using traditional methods is costly and has environmental impacts. Solar energy is preferred over fossil fuels and other energy sources due to its cost and environmental benefits. Solar stills are increasingly popular due to the growing need for drinkable water, but their performance requires improvement. The study examines the pyramid solar still (PSS) productivity using different operating parameters, such as solar intensity (350-950 W/m2), water inlet temperature (30-50°C), water depth (4-8 cm), and insulation thickness (0.05-0.15m). The response surface technique (RSM) was used to examine the performance of the still under different operating conditions. The RSM approach optimized the process for maximum output and reduced testing time and effort. To verify the optimum response derived from RSM, the artificial neural networks (ANN) model was implemented. The comparative studies of the ANN and RSM models demonstrates a strong correlation with the outcomes achieved in maximizing the productivity of PSS. It found that the ideal values for solar intensity, water intake temperature, water depth, and insulation thickness are 950 W/m2, 50°C, 4 cm, and 0.15 m, respectively. These parameters contribute to the production of 2.585 kg/m2 of distillate.
Optimizing Drought Resilience in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Through Synergistic Actions of Drought-Tolerant Rhizobacterial Strains and Brassinosteroids Hormone Application: A Jar Trial Study
Mahmood K. Hussain A. Ahmad M. Dar A. Akhtar M.F.Z. Iqbal R. Alsakkaf W. Alkahtani J. AbdelGawwad M.R., Pages:1-15

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005730
Paper Topic:
Ecology, environmental change and management

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Abstract
The study addresses the critical issue of water scarcity in agriculture, which causes significant losses by disrupting plant-water connections and increasing oxidative damage to biological components. In this study, we evaluated the synergistic potential of pre-isolated and identified exopolysaccharide-producing strains (ZE15 and ZE11) in combination with the drought-alleviating hormone Brassinosteroids (BR) to boost okra development under PEG-6000-induced drought stress. The experiment was carried out in a controlled environment at the Soil Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory. It used a completely randomized design with factorial arrangements and three replications. Individual rhizobacterial strains were evaluated and also used in a consortium (ZE15+ZE11) at two different Brassinosteroids (BR) concentrations (10-4 M and 10-8 M). The results showed that the consortium of (ZE15+ZE11) with foliar spray of BR (10-8 M) greatly increased okra production. Under both control and drought stress conditions, shoot length (37 and 34%), root length (41 and 40%), root surface area (32, 34%), and root volume (35 and 33%) improved significantly compared to the control group. Furthermore, this treatment demonstrated the most promising results in alleviating drought-induced oxidative damage by improving antioxidant defense mechanisms. Key enzyme activities, such as MDA (30 and 31%), GR (32 and 30%), SOD (36 and 37%), and CAT (31 and 34%), rose significantly under both control and drought stress conditions when compared to the control. To summarize, the use of drought-tolerant bacteria in concert with plant growth hormone provides a synergistic approach to mitigating the negative impacts of drought, resulting in considerable gains in okra growth and antioxidant defenses. This technique shows promise as a way to increase agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid areas.
Effective Deep Learning based Prediction Model for Groundwater Quality Assessment using Physio-chemical Parameters
Tamilchelvan P. Muralimohan N. Harikaran M. Kulanthaivel P. , Pages:1-11

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005474
Paper Topic:
Water Quality

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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to anticipate and investigate the groundwater quality in the regions of the Cauvery basin. In the post-monsoon season of 2020, 800 samples were collected from 200 different places for this paper. The AlexNet model is used in this book to forecast the water quality. In order to examine the groundwater quality, the anticipated groundwater samples are analyzed using main cations (K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Na+), major anions (NO2- +NO3-, CO3-, F-, HCO3-, Cl-, and SO42-), hardness, pH, and Electrical Conductivity (EC). The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the AlexNet model are used in this publication to validate its efficacy. Validating the following metrics determines if water is suitable for drinking and irrigation: sodium percentage, magnesium ratio, Kelly's ratio, sodium adsorption ratio, water quality index (WQI), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC). According to the research, the AlexNet model predicted water quality with 93%, 94.57%, and 91.47% accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity, respectively. According to the experimental results, the WQI value shows that 22% of the collected samples are acceptable for drinking, 63% are suitable for drinking, and the other 15% are only fit for irrigation and should not be consumed.
Comparative study of advanced oxidation treatment of tannery effluent in Multi-orifice Oscillatory Baffled Column with sono-catalytic treatment using Titanium Dioxide
, Kannan Kandasamy. HOD/ Chemical Engineeering, Kongu Engineering College, Pages:1-7

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005615
Paper Topic:
Water and Wastewater Treatment

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Abstract
Treatment of tannery effluent is a key issue that requires novel research. The presented work is an attempt to carry out advanced oxidation process in a Multi-orifice Oscillatory Baffled Column using ozone as oxidizer and compare the extent of treatment with sono-catalytic treatment with TiO2 as catalyst. Studies have been carried out to understand the effect of treatment time, concentration of effluent and oscillation frequency upon ozonation and the effect of power of ultrasound, time of treatment and catalyst loading for sono-catalytic treatment. For ozonation the COD, BOD and TDS reduction obtained are 88.8%, 84.01%, 90.73% respectively and for sono-TiO2 treatment the reduction of COD, BOD and TDS obtained are 91.2%, 91.5%, 94%. Optimization and analysis of variables is carried out to identify the effective factors for treatment.
Removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater: a review of different adsorptive approaches
Sathish Kumar V. Dhivakar M. Nagamani S. Dhanalakshmi A. Leema Margret A. , Pages:1-11

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005300
Paper Topic:
Water and Wastewater Treatment

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Abstract
Over the past few decades, pharmaceuticals have contaminated the marine ecosystem. The entry of prescription medications into the environment, their underlying causes and problems, and effective methods for treating such contaminated water are all evaluated in this study. Adsorption is becoming a more popular preferred treatment method because, compared to other post-secondary treatments, it has less strength requirements and is easier to use. Despite being extensively researched as a chemosorptive for prescription medications, industrial activated charcoal is heavily restricted due to its expensive cost. For the purpose of eliminating prescription drugs from water and wastewater, novel unconventional low-cost alternatives were looked into, and adsorbents based solely on clay, biochar, agricultural wastes, industrial wastes, and metal-natural frameworks were discussed in a number of research studies. This second study examines prominent articles that address the problem, covering the continuous fixed-bed process, regeneration capabilities, historical, economic, and practical aspects, as well as adsorption performance in terms of kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics. Chemicals known as pharmaceuticals pollute the environment. This paper discusses the prevalence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, their main causes and effects, and proactive steps to remove them from the contaminated medium. This summary explains how the pollutant is mixed with the aquatic environment, along with its fundamental causes, insinuations, and effective methods for eliminating it. Compared to other therapies, adsorption offers advantages including less strength depletion and easier functioning conditions, making it a promising therapeutic approach.

Solid waste management

Insights into polybrominated diphenyl ethers: occurrence, sources, and exposure health risk in selected solid waste impacted soils
Emoyan Onoriode.Onos Onojake Lawson Tesi Godswill. Okeoghene Iwegbue Chukwujindu Maxwell Azubike Odal Eze Wealth Chijioke Olisah, Pages:1-23

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005436
Paper Topic:
Solid Waste Management

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Abstract
The Coordinated management of solid waste dumps from different anthropogenic environments is important for pollution management of immediate and adjacent ecosystems. This study took three soil profile samples from three functional zones: the rural, the suburban, and the urban solid waste dumps. The samples were analyzed for the concentration, origin, and associated risks of thirty-nine Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (Ʃ39PBDEs). Σ39PBDEs demonstrated high concentrations and ranged from 0.12 to 119 ng g−1 dw, in the order of rural > suburban > urban, and topsoil > subsoil > bottom soil. BDE-10, -11, -13, -15, -17, -99 and -119 showed relative abundance. Penta-BDE was moderately above standard and screening levels and demonstrated high and medium ecological risk in the rural and semi-urban zones. The non-carcinogenic and cancer risks highlight onsite exposure risks. PCA evaluation depicts an abundance of persistent and toxic flame retardant additives, and cluster analysis showed PBDEs were from a common source—cancer and hazard index exposure risk depicted rural > suburban > urban zone. The results suggested the continual use of banned flame retardant additives in commercial formulations. A comparison of PBDE implied that PBDEs in the suburban and urban zones could have undergone environmental processes, and the rural zone received fresh deposition. Migration and exposure to the detected -BDEs may increase the risk to humans in these zones. The results highlighted the need to establish a standard management protocol and monitor legacy pollutants in environmental and biological samples around solid waste dump sites and similar catchments.

Climate change and air pollution

Prediction intervals for carbon dioxide emissions in china by extreme learning machine ensemble based on particle swarm optimization
Tianqing Yao, Linwei Li, Pages:1-9

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005502
Paper Topic:
Environmental data analysis and modelling

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Abstract
The emission of carbon dioxide is the major cause of the greenhouse effect, which has a negative impact on human survival and sustainable economic development; therefore, it is very significant for discovering the underlying influential factors of carbon dioxide emissions. In this paper, an extreme learning machine ensemble based on particle swarm optimization approach(PSO-ELMEnsemble) are applied to predict the emission of carbon dioxide, which provide estimated values as well as the corresponding reliability. In addition, the particle swarm optimization approach is used to optimize the connection weights of extreme learning machine. The performance of the proposed PSO-ELMEnsemble is experimentally validated by carbon dioxide emissions data during the period 1978-2016 by using state-of-the-art comparative method, where the proposed approach outperforms the others in achieving the best trade-off between accuracy and simplicity.
Environmental regulation, hog scale production and the synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction
Jiang Y.J. Qiao S.Y. Chen S.W. Ying R.Y. Zhang Y. , Pages:1-11

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005696
Paper Topic:
Environmental Management and Policies

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Abstract
The synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction is conducive to promoting the green transformation of the economy. Based on China’s 30 provincial administrative panel data from 2002 to 2020, using the elastic concept to measure the synergy index and the panel fixed effect model to carry out empirical analysis, we analyzed the relation between environmental regulation and the synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction. The results revealed that: (1) Environmental regulation positively influenced the synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction in hog breeding. (2) Different types of pollution and carbon reduction had different synergistic effects. Compared with chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen, the positive effect of environmental regulation on the synergy of total phosphorus and carbon reduction was relatively weaker. (3) From the perspective of impact mechanisms, environmental regulation mainly achieved synergies through the “production constraint effect” and the “innovation compensation effect”. (4) Further analysis showed that environmental regulation had a significant scale threshold effect on the synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction in hog breeding. Therefore, the heterogeneity of pollutants and industrial scale should be considered in the optimization of environmental regulation policies.
The Role of PbCoS Quantum Dots in Improved Photovoltaic Efficiency
Demir M., Pages:1-5

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005870
Paper Topic:
General

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Abstract
The quest for efficient, sustainable solar energy solutions has propelled the exploration of novel materials with enhanced photovoltaic properties. This study delves into the synthesis, characterization, and photovoltaic application of cobalt-doped lead sulfide (PbCoS) quantum dots (QDs) deposited on titanium dioxide (TiO2) substrates. Employing a hot-injection method, we synthesized PbCoS QDs and characterized their structural, compositional, and optical properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. The QDs demonstrated a cubic crystal structure with an average size of 20.12 nm and exhibited a direct band gap of 1.91 eV, indicative of quantum confinement effects and improved absorption in the visible spectrum. The photovoltaic performance of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) incorporating PbCoS QDs was assessed through current density-voltage (J-V) measurements, revealing a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.17%. This efficiency highlights the potential of PbCoS QDs to enhance the performance of QDSSCs, partly attributed to the impact of cobalt doping on the electronic structure and photovoltaic properties of the material. The study identifies gaps in current research, such as the optimization of cobalt doping levels and the exploration of interface engineering between QDs and substrates, pointing towards future directions for enhancing the efficiency and applicability of PbCoS-based photovoltaic devices.
Biodiesel blends for eco-friendly CRDI-VCR engines: enhancing combustion and engine performance to minimize pollutant emissions
Anbarasan Baluchamy, Sakthi Rajan C Balamurugan S Venkatesh J, Pages:1-10

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005777
Paper Topic:
Emerging pollutants

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Abstract
Energy is essential but associated with global greenhouse emissions. Therefore, clean and renewable energy is important for future development. To meet this demand, kapok oil methyl ester (KOME) was made from the kapok raw oil through the transesterification method. KOME was then combined with diesel in the ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30% (v/v%) to form KOME10, KOME20, and KOME30 mixtures. The combustion and emissions outcomes of KOME blends were studied at a stationary DI engine under different loads and modified common rail direct injection (CRDI) mode at 400 bar injection pressure, partial load, and CR of 19:1, 20:1, and 21:1. The combustion analysis of blends like maximum pressure (Pmax) and net heat release rate (HRRmax) were observe lesser than diesel at stationary mode, whereas they increased by 13–15% and 16–32% in CRDI mode, respectively. Exhaust from engine such as carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and smoke were decreased, but nitric oxide increased about 0.7–1.5% and 1.3–8% for stationary and CRDI modes, respectively, as compared to diesel. This concludes that KOME might be a suitable substitute to diesel fuel for non-road DI engine applications.

Circular economy

Sustainable approach of utilization of limestone and treated construction wastes as aggregates in the production of high temperature resistant green concrete
Loganathan S Nirmalkumar K Sivakumar A , Pages:1-9

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005743
Paper Topic:
Solid Waste Management

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Abstract
Natural gravel used as aggregates in the construction had a severe impact on the environment leading to scarcity in recent times. Furthermore, the resistance of such natural aggregates to crack at higher temperature zones was less. This paper investigates the above concerns on scarcity and meagre high-temperature resistance with the use of sustainable waste materials such as recycled aggregates and limestone as aggregates in the concrete. The natural aggregates were replaced with different proportions of limestone aggregates (LA), recycled aggregates (RA) and carbonation-treated recycled aggregates (CRA) to investigate their hardened properties and thermal properties at 200, 400, and 800 oC. The strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) and carbonated RAC (CRAC)was reduced by 16.67% and 1.32%, while the strength of limestone aggregate concrete (LAC) was enhanced by only 2.3%. The RAC and LAC show better resistance to elevated temperature compared to control concrete and the residual temperature was observed between 200 to 400 oC.
Eco-friendly road construction: Harnessing fly ash and waste marble powder for sustainable road construction using a fuzzy logic assessment
Shanmuganathan N., Senthil Pandian M., Deepa Nivethika S., Thulasirajan K., Karthikeyan K., Pages:1-5

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005601
Paper Topic:
General

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Abstract
More than seventy percent of mineral gets wasted during mining and polishing processing, and all this dumped waste threatens the aquifer. Utilizing this waste in construction works helps to reduce the environmental effects. This research aims to protect the environment by implementing mineral waste collected from neyveli lignite fly ash with waste marble waste powder in road-base construction. Accessing the different required combinations of mineral admixtures through laboratory tests poses a challenge. This study identify a suitable combination of fly ash with waste marble powder for assessing the compaction properties and compressive strength for road base construction through fuzzy logic. A fuzzy model was created by using MATLAB software. It consists of two input and four output parameters, fly ash and marble waste powder are the input parameters with four different combinations, and the output factors are dry unit weight, water content, unconfined compressive strength and CBR. The fuzzy model was evaluated with laboratory test results. The study concluded that only a minimum percentage of deviations between the predicted strength and actual results from the laboratory. In future research, this study helps to reduce the time and cost of laboratory tests for different combinations.
Research on high performance green concrete using nano particles and organic materials: an eco-friendly approach
Abiraami. R, Anuradha. R, Pages:1-7

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.004776
Paper Topic:
General

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Abstract
Since concrete is a fundamental component of all types of construction, many researchers are concentrating on developing High Performance Concrete (HPC) using efficient manufacturing processes. Nano silica is a quartz and silica dust this can be replaced instead of cement to achieve great strength and to produce sustainable concrete. Sustainable concrete is eco-friendly concrete produced by industrial waste materials and other materials, nano silica when substituted instead of concrete produce less carbon emission in environment compare to cement concrete. High performance concrete is one that is strong, durable, and easy to work in. With correct material selection, mix design, and concrete handling from the fresh stage through the hardening stage, HPC can be achieved. This study aims to produce a High Performance Concrete (HPC) using sisal fibres, nano silica and delonixregia pods. M70 mix design was followed to produce a HPC and it is compared with conventional concrete with 0.36 w/c ratio. The pods of delonixregia ash is replaced from 1% to 7% to produce HPC, the delonixregia ash is added in HPC as a corrosion inhibitor. The nano silica is used from 0.5 % - 3.5% and the sisal fibre was replaced from 0.5 -1% and super plasticizer of 2% instead of cement content by volume replacement. The mechanical characteristics are analyzed in this investigation. The test results shows satisfactory results in the performance of HPC with the pods of delonixregia with 5%, nano silica with 2.5% and sisal fibres with 1% of replacement in ternary blended cement concrete with 2% replacement of super plasticizers (M13 mix).
Removal of gaseous ammonia released from leachate by adsorption on carbon-based adsorbents prepared from agro-industrial wastes
Feliciano M. Lima T. Dias de Tuesta J. Furst L. Roman F. Silva A. Wilken A. Silva A. Gomes H., Pages:1-8

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.004862
Paper Topic:
Water and Wastewater Treatment

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Abstract
Landfill facilities and organic waste treatment plants typically are known sources of odour pollution, such as gaseous NH3, among others. In this work, the removal of gaseous NH3 released from a composting line of a mechanical and biological treatment plant of undifferentiated municipal solid waste was assessed in a fixed-bed column loaded with carbon-based adsorbents (CBAs) prepared from olive stone and malt bagasse as carbon precursors. CBAs were prepared by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) assisted by H2SO4 and pyrolysis, resulting in materials with different physical and chemical properties. The hydrochar derived from olive stone by H2SO4-assisted HTC was found as the best adsorbent for NH3 removal (10.4 mg g-1). This result was ascribed to the high acid character of the adsorbent (2.34 mmol g-1), since it was found that acidity contributed significantly more than the specific surface of the adsorbents for the removal of NH3 (BET surface of 4 m2 g-1 was obtained for the CBA with the highest uptake capacity, whereas other adsorbents reach values of 172 m2 g-1 and NH3 uptake capacities of 0.07 mg g-1). The NH3-saturated hydrochar was regenerated by washing with water and subsequently reused in the adsorption of NH3, with a performance more than 70% compared to its first use.

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Global NEST Journal

Issue 4 (In progress)

Thematic

Water and wastewater

Solid waste management

Climate change and air pollution

Circular economy

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