Soil zinc (Zn) deficiency is a major constraint limiting wheat productivity and nutritional quality, particularly in degraded agricultural lands. Sustainable organic waste management through composting presents an eco-friendly approach to enhancing soil health while mitigating environmental pollution. This study explores the development of zinc-fortified microbial compost (bioactivated Zn-enriched compost) from organic waste and its impact on soil fertility, microbial activity, and wheat yield in Zn-deficient soils. Domestic organic waste, including fruit and vegetable residues, was composted with Zn-enriched bio-inoculants to enhance nutrient bioavailability. A field experiment evaluated the effects of bioactivated Zn-enriched compost on soil biochemical properties, wheat growth, yield, and antioxidative enzyme activity. Results showed significant improvements in soil organic matter, nutrient availability, and microbial biomass compared to conventional compost and control treatments. Application of bioactivated Zn-enriched compost increased soil microbial population (45%), microbial biomass carbon (48%), and nitrogen (56%). Soil Zn and Fe availability improved by 26% and 12%, respectively. Wheat grain yield increased by 9%, with notable enhancements in Zn content and antioxidative enzyme activity (CAT by 41% and POX by 32%). These findings highlight the potential of bioactivated Zn-enriched compost in addressing soil nutrient deficiencies and promoting sustainable agriculture through improved soil fertility and crop productivity.
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