Articles in Press

Development of Cost Functions for Biological Treatment by Membrane Bio-Reactor

Sengupta B. Mukherjee S.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.004537

Paper Topic:

Water and Wastewater Treatment

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Abstract

One of the space-saving and alternative options for wastewater treatment is the use of Membrane Bio-Reactor. This paper delineates the sequential approach to explore integrated cost functions for estimation of the forecast level cost for biological treatment of wastewater by use of Membrane Bio-Reactor. The cost functions for capacity wise small range, medium range and large range groups of wastewater treatment plants with Membrane Bio-Reactor have been developed based on process design and cost estimation. It has been established through regression analysis that they are best expressed by polynomial equations. Validation of cost functions has been executed by assessment of mean absolute percentage errors. The respective determination coefficients in respect of cost functions for capacity wise small range, medium range and large range are 1, 0.9995 and 0.9996. The respective mean absolute percentage errors with reference to the cost functions for capacity wise three different ranges are 0.18 %, 0.82 % and 0.63 %. In each case the value of mean absolute percentage error is well below 10 %. This study has established that accurate forecast level cost may be arrived by integrated cost functions developed for capacity wise three different groups of wastewater treatment plants with Membrane Bio-Reactor.

Investigational study of significance of Propanol addition in performance and emission distinctiveness of Compression Ignition engine fuelled through cotton seed oil blended with diesel

Raja S Sathish Kannan, A.H.Seikh, A.Ghosh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.004899

Paper Topic:

Air Quality

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Abstract

Numerous alternative fuels such as biodiesel as well as alcohols have been commercialized in both the industrial and transportation sectors. Cottonseed oil and propanol piqued our curiosity in this context. Many researches has been conducted on a single cylinder four strokes diesel engine competent of generating 6.3 kW at 2000 r.p.m and in changing load conditions for mixture of Cottonseed oil as well as Propanol by means of diesel geared up on a volume base, namely D90-C10, D85-C10-P5, D80-C10-P10, D80-P20, D75-C20-P5 and D70-C20-P10. The results suggest that adding cottonseed oil to diesel improves thermal efficiency while lowering specific fuel usage. With an increase in HC emission, escalating the percentage of cottonseed oil in the merge trim down emanation parameters like CO, CO2 and NOX. Propanol added to a cottonseed oil merged along with diesel has a comparable consequence to adding pure cottonseed oil in various proportions.

Exploiting Drone Images for Forest Fire Detection using Metaheuristics with Deep Learning Model

S.Rajalakshmi Sellam Kannan N S.Saranya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.004948

Paper Topic:

Biodiversity conservation

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Abstract

Forest fires are a global natural calamity causing significant economic damage and loss of lives. Professionals forecast that forest fires would raise in the future because of climate change. Early prediction and identification of fire spread would enhance firefighting and reduce affected zones. Several systems have been advanced to detect fire. In recent times, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are used for tackling this issue because of their ability, high flexibility, and their cheap price to cover vast areas during the nighttime or daytime. But still they are limited by difficulties like image degradation, small fire size, and background complexity. This study develops an automated Forest Fire Detection using Metaheuristics with Deep Learning (FFDMDL-DI) model. The presented FFDMDL-DI technique exploits the DL concepts on drone images to identify the occurrence of fire. To accomplish this, the FFDMDL-DI technique makes use of the Capsule Network (CapNet) model for feature extraction purposes with a biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm-based hyperparameter optimizer. For accurate forest fire detection, the FFDMDL-DI technique uses a unified deep neural network (DNN) model. Finally, the tree growth optimization (TGO) technique is utilized for the parameter adjustment of the DNN method. To depict the enhanced detection efficiency of the FFDMDL-DI approach, a series of simulations were performed. The outcomes reported improvements in the FFDMDL-DI method over other DL models.

A Correlation Analysis and Visualization of Climate Change using Post-Disaster Heterogeneous Datasets

Mandyam S. Ganesan S.P. Suresh S. Srinivasan K.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.004382

Paper Topic:

Climate change mitigation and adaptation

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Abstract

There are numerous geo-climatic and human factors that contribute to the occurrence of natural disasters in the real-world scenario. Besides the study of causes and preconditions of such calamities, post-disaster analysis is essential for the efficient management of the disaster situation. This process needs timely and accurate data in light of the increasing frequency and severity of climate change-related extreme weather events. The analysis of disaster data involves the challenging task of integrating multiple heterogeneous sources, data ingestion and visualization. This paper aims at providing a three-dimensional analytical view of disaster data as time-series charts and a statistical model to evaluate the correlation between the occurrence of disasters, climate change and the corresponding economic damages (as a percentage of GDP). The created corpus consists of two unified heterogeneous datasets. The first one forms the basis for exploratory data analysis involving visualization charts for disaster-related factors. The second dataset involves temperature anomaly information which allows for climate change analysis. The integration of the above datasets provides scope for correlation analysis using three different variations of coefficients. Therefore, statistical methodologies are leveraged to play important role in managing disasters, from preparation to recovery and reporting. The graphical representations provide insights on regional trends that follow, related to factors such as the proportion of each type of disaster in the various losses incurred. Therefore, obtaining reliable information about the population, the economy and climate are crucial both for risk management and preparedness and for responding to disasters. The research puts forth a detailed statistical methodology with a spatial dimension to study the impacts on the economy and infrastructure in the aftermath of a disaster thereby ensuring specialized assistance. The inference of the analysis confirmed a positive correlation between climate change and occurrence of natural disasters. Therefore, statistical evidence of an important phenomenon like climate change affecting natural disasters brings awareness among the population in the society to be more environmentally responsible.

Extraction, performance and emission characterization of diesel engine using waste lipolytic microorganism biodiesel

M.Arunkumar Magesh Mani, Anjani Kumar Rai, A. Adinarayanan, Ram Subbiah, P.Ganeshan, Sathish Kannan, A.H. Seikh, A. Iqbal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.004981

Paper Topic:

Sustainable Energy

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Abstract

In this study, milk waste water will be extracted, transformed into Lipolytic microorganism’s biodiesel (LMD) using transesterification, and tested for appropriateness as an alternative, sustainable, renewable source for IC engines. The properties of the created blends of biodiesel were investigated and compared to those of conventional diesel. The outcomes demonstrated that the fuel's fundamental characteristics are discussed with neat diesel. Investigated are the operation, combustion, and exhaust gas analysis of a test engine running on LMD. The studies involve running different biodiesel-diesel blends (B10, B20, B30, B40, B50, and B80) at varying loads (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) in a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine at a constant speed and comparing the results to the benchmark diesel. The values of break thermal efficiency(BTE) was decreased by 0.59, 0.68, 1.30 and 2.98% respectively for the blends of 10, 20, 30 and 50% of biodiesel mixing. The brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) is decreased by 0.1, 0.3, 0.44, and 0.77%. Any biodiesel-diesel combination reduces exhaust gas pollutants. At maximum load, the values of emissions like CO, HC, and smoke opacities of B30 decreased by 12.1%,3.94%, and 11% when compared to standard diesel. However, as per the analysis biodiesel of LMD is a potential alternative fuel that doesn't require significant alterations to be used in I.C engines.

Impact of Oxy-Additives on diesel engine performance and emission parameters using Waste cooking oil biodiesel

Pradeep Kumar Singh, Srinivasan Suresh kumar, Lakshmana Kumar S, Arul Kulandaivel, S. Geerthik, P Ganeshan, Sathish Kannan A.H.Seikh Amjad Iqbal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.004983

Paper Topic:

Air Quality

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Abstract

From the last two decades, the amount of waste materials recycled into useable energy sources has grown in popularity due to the fast rise in energy demand caused by the world's population growth. In other words, the conversion of garbage into energy will undoubtedly become an essential topic in the near future. Biodiesel has garnered a great deal of interest recently to reduce pollution generated by the burning of petroleum fuels. Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils and animal-based oils in most cases. Waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCB) is the most suitable resource for biofuel development because it is cost-effective and environmentally friendly, minimizing the amount of waste generated. In order to reduce harmful pollutants from engines, the use of oxygenated fuels seems to be a realistic solution. To minimize the impact on air quality, it is important to use oxy-additives that are specifically formulated for biodiesel and comply with environmental regulations. It is also recommended to use biodiesel blends with lower percentages of oxy-additives and to properly maintain the engines and exhaust systems of vehicles that use biodiesel. The purpose of this exploration is to improve the outcomes of an engine running at various concentrations of methoxyethyl acetate (MEA) additives and WCB biodiesel. The findings were compared to pure diesel, and the results were optimized for different load circumstances and combinations of oxygenated additives for the assessment of emission characteristics.on characteristics.

Utilization of nanomaterials and ceramic waste for sustainable environmental protection

Jegatheeswaran. D Sridhar. J, Saranya. S Gokulan. R Gasim. H

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005031

Paper Topic:

Solid Waste Management

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Abstract

The amount and type of waste are increasing due to population growth. Many harmful materials have been in the atmosphere for a very long times. This causes a crisis in the waste disposal and thereby contributes to environmental issues. Recycling concrete manufacturing waste materials not only offers a resource for producing concrete of top standard but also aids in correctly addressing the issue of waste disposal. Due to the leftover ceramic powder's high resistance and inability to be processed by any recycling process, using it in concrete is a good use for it. Using powdered ceramic waste in concrete as a pozzolana, their strength and water absorption were explored. The samples were made with 15% and 20% porcelain dust waste substitutes. Simultaneous effects were determined by using 0.5% and 1% nano-alumina and 15% and 20% waste ceramic powder. compression power, tests for water absorption, and weight and strength loss tests were accomplished. After 7 and 28 days of curing for nano-alumina at 0.5%, the increases in compressive strength are 11.46% and 10.22%, respectively. After 7 and 28 days of curing for 1% of the nano-alumina, the increases in compressive strength are 16.25% and 14.73%, respectively. The findings indicate that the compressive strength of the concrete is not significantly harmed by the inclusion of ceramic waste up to 20%. Additionally, the use of pozzolana, ceramic waste powder, and nano-alumina increases compressive strength while lowering the ability to absorb water. Consequently, nano-alumina can enhance the impacts of ceramic waste powder on concrete's characteristics.

Perchlorate captured by activated carbon derived from dates seed through adsorption technique

Adilakshmi. A, El –marghany. A, Warad. I, Senthil Kumar. M

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005039

Paper Topic:

Water and Wastewater Treatment

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Abstract

In the present research packed bed column with activated carbon which is derived from the natural available dates seed used for exclusion of perchlorate from aqueous sample. The effect of several variables on adsorption performance has been studied, including inlet ion concentration, flow rate, bed height, and temperature.The adsorbent was prepared in two different temperature 400℃ and 800℃ and the depth of column was 5cm and 8cm. The findings showed that the activated column at 400℃ in the depth of 5cm was saturated at 320 min and for 8cm column it is saturated at 300 min. Likewise for 800℃ columns in the depth of 5cm the treatment efficiency attained at 220 min and for 8cm column it was 180 min. It is showed that the optimal flow rate and bed height increase adsorption effectiveness. Gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the perchlorate concentration in liquid sample after treatment process. The Thomas and Thomson mathematical models were utilized to determine the column's adsorption efficacy, with the maximum R2value of 0.985 for 800°C in an 8 cm column with a removal efficiency of 98.1%. The surface morphology was examined with SEM, FTIR and XRD which proves that the pore changes in the morphology of the adsorbent created homogeneous to heterogeneous formation structure. This comprehensive study shown that activated carbon generated from dates seed is a successful adsorbent for the removal of perchlorate at optimal temperature and bed depth

Phytochemical analysis by LC MS/ MS and in vitro antioxidant activity of the Algerian endemic plant Dianthus sylvestris subsp. aristidis (Batt.) Greuter & Burdet

Bouzana A.; Chekroud Z.; BECHEKER I.; SAKHRAOUI N.; BOUZENAD N.; BENSOUICI C.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005047

Paper Topic:

Biodiversity conservation

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Abstract

The present work aimed to carry out the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of hydro-methanolic, ethyl acetate and butanolic extracts of Dianthus sylvestris subsp, aristidis (Batt,) Greuter & Burdet leaves. Phenolics, flavonoids and flavonols contents were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) method respectively. Phytochemical analysis was determined by using LC-ESI-MS/MS method. Antioxidant activity, in vitro, was evaluated by six different assays including: DPPH scavenging, ABTS cation radical, Ferrous ions chelating, Phenanthroline, Reducing power and Silver nanoparticle. The findings showed that the butanolic extract was found to be higher in phenolics and flavonoids contents (121.45 ± 1.87 μg GAE/mg extract and 57.09±0.14 μg QE/mg extract respectively). While ethyl acetate extract was found to be higher in falvonols contents (41.90±0.98µg QE/mg extract). The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of ethyl acetate and butanolic extracts revealed the presence of fifteen compounds among which: four phenolic acids, five flavonoids, one phenolic aldehyde and three vitamins, with P- coumaric acid, Hesperetin, Vanillin, Ascorbic Acid as major compounds respectively. The butanolic and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in Phenanthroline assay (A0,5: 17.75± 0.72 µg/mL and A0.5: 21.02 ± 0.43 µg/mL respectively). On the basis of the significant findings, D. sylvestris subsp, aristidis would be recommended as a new potential source of natural antioxidant for pharmaceutical industries.

Eco-friendly soil stabilization: a combined approach using lime and waste eggshell powder

Harikaran M. Kulanthaivel P. Gokulakannan S. Vinodhkumar S.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005077

Paper Topic:

Innovative environmental solutions

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Abstract

In recent years, geotechnical engineers preferred environmentally friendly and sustainable techniques to improve the engineering characteristics of expansive soil. This paper focuses on the comparative study of the enhancement in engineering properties of expansive soil using lime and waste eggshell powder. A series of laboratory tests such as Unconfined Compressive Strength Test, pH test, Free swell Index Test, Swelling Pressure Test, California – Bearing Ratio test and Atterberg’s limit test were performed for evaluating the engineering behaviour of expansive soil with lime and waste eggshell both individually and together. The experimental test results showed that the combined admixtures significantly improve the engineering characteristics of the soil. The maximum value of compressive strength at the inclusion of 9% lime and 12% waste eggshell powder was observed to be 306 kPa. The swell pressure of the treated soil showed up to a reduction till 2.32 at the inclusion of 3% lime and 12% waste eggshell powder. In all the tests, the combined admixtures exhibited greater efficiency when compared to individual inclusion of lime and waste eggshell. Thus, the investigation results confirmed the efficient use of lime and waste eggshell powder at optimum percentages as soil-stabilizing material and made them suitable for field applications.