Volume 24 - 2022

Adsorption is an effective and widely technique used for separation many pollutants from wastewater. Pollution of water with color material such as dyes is of environmental concern due to their toxicity and cause carcinogenic effects on human and aquatic life. These dyes are presented into the water bodies from the effluence of several industries such as textile, paints, cosmetics, paper, food, and others causing water pollution. Adsorption technique using low cost adsorbents has gain a lot of attraction of many researchers for years. The purpose of the present study is to investigate for using natural mineral as inexpensive adsorbents for removal of dyes from wastewater. This investigation can be made by reviewing the major topic researches that applying natural mineral material as cheap adsorbents for treating of colored wastewater. A natural materials such as vermiculite, sepiolite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, perlite, diatomite, zeolite, and others, which are categorized as permeable minerals, multilayer minerals and other based on structure properties. These adsorbents can be used as is or changed to enhance adsorption properties.

The dairy industry is one of the industries that continues to grow in Indonesia in line with the large demand for dairy foods. Liquid waste originating from the dairy industry has a special character, namely susceptibility to bacteria. This waste is very easy to decompose and if it is not immediately recycled or controlled it will be very dangerous to the environment around the factory. This research was carried out through the following stages: the seeding process for 12 days, as a stage of the process of bacterial growth and development, marked by a neutral pH, which ranges from 6.9 to 7.All wastewater originating from the production process is channeled into the initial reservoir that has been lye is added which functions to neutralize waste oil. The filtered water enters the aerobic tank, which functions to reduce pollutants in the form of BOD, COD, TSS, Oil and Fat, NH3N, and pH by breaking down bacteria without the need for oxygen. The next stage is that the waste is channeled into an aerobic tank made in the form of a honeycomb which is designed to adhere to the valley-breaking bacterial biofilm for the growth of bacteria. This media is also called wasp nest biofilter media. The percentage of reduction in BOD, COD, pH, NH3N, Oil and Fat before and after being filtered through the milk waste filtering installation at KPSBU Lembang, West Java. The results of the study were a decrease in BOD, 86.5%, COD: 86.83%, TSS: 78.2%, NH3N: 48.23% Fat and Oil: 91.9% and pH in the range 6-9.

Drinking water supply is a preeminent to public health, environmental protection, quality of life, economic activity, and sustainable development. Many disasters are being recorded due to poor water quality every day. In this case, it is essential to assure safe water demand through continuous enhancement and improvement of all practices and processes related to the water supply. The Water Safety Plan (WSP) concept has become a globally recognized and accepted approach to drinking water supply management and operation. This study aims at reviewing the WSP risk management approach around the world. In addition, the four success factors of WSP implementation are discussed. The benefits, difficulties, as well as recommendation from recent studies that implemented WSP is presented. Improving water quality and operational efficiency were the main benefits whereas lack of staff training and insufficient time and fund were the main challenges for effective WSP implementation. According to a literature scan, the water utilities in Arab gulf region countries do not implement WSP, thus, the author encourages water utilities in these countries to conduct WSP to improve water quality management.

The Heihe River is the second longest inland river in China, which is one of the most important inland river basins in the northwest area. The effect of drought on ecological environment can be exacerbated by climate change. Eco-water diversion project was implemented since 2000 to solve the increasingly serious problem of ecological environment deterioration in the lower reaches of Heihe River Basin. In order to reveal whether the eco-water diversion project solve the ecological environment deterioration thoroughly, the change of hydrology and vegetation were investigated and compared by using the remote sensing data, field surveys, monitoring and statistics data. Our results showed that the soil water content, groundwater level and vegetation coverage increased after eco-water diversion, especially in 0-20cm, the value increased 30.05%, which results vegetation restoration in some area. However, the seasonal distribution of eco-water diversion is extremely uneven, 70% of the runoff is mainly concentrated in January to March, and September to October. Water was seriously insufficient in the critical water demand period of plants such as germination and fruit period due to river cutout. Moreover, some areas were degraded due to salinization. In addition, the extreme change of soil water is not conducive to plant growth, but will increase the waste of water resources due to the increasing of ineffective surface evaporation. It is difficult to improve the quantity of discharged water in the upper reaches of Heihe River, so the distribution time and mode is very important for stable and healthy development of vegetation in the downstream. Therefore, eco-water diversion project is not a simply measure to improve the ecological environment. We suggested that hydrological processes should be consistent with ecological processes in the lower reaches of Heihe River, otherwise, the most important significance of eco-water diversion project will be lost. Exploring this will be helpful in formulate scientific and reasonable water dispatching scheme, achieve water resources allocation and water demand matching, improve ecological benefits.