Volume 24 - 2022

In the present study, fruits of Ceratonia siliqua L. (carobs) were used as an alternative low cost biosorbents to remove a cationic dye, methyl violet 2B (MV) which has broad applications in paints, textile and printing ink, from aqueous solutions. The untreated (CRM) and thermal treated carobs (CC) were characterized by BET, FTIR, XRD and SEM techniques. The influences on MV adsorption of various experimental factors such as particle sizes, contact time, stirring speed, adsorbent dose, solution pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial MV concentration were investigated. Adsorption kinetics was found to be best represented by the pseudo second order model. The isotherm analysis indicated that the adsorption data could be represented by the Langmuir model for CRM and CC at 20°C. The maximum adsorption capacity for MV was 62.5 mg/g onto CC and 9.804 mg/g onto CRM. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the process was spontaneous and exothermic.

Batch adsorption studies of heavy metals were carried out using activated charcoal groundnut shell powder as an adsorbent material. The groundnut shell was collected and synthesized by chemical synthesis to convert it into charcoal form. The prepared adsorbent’s pore size & surface area was analyzed by BET surface analysis using N2 – adsorption & desorption process. XRD techniques analyzed the crystalline structure of charcoal adsorbent, and the functional groups & behaviour of the surface were analyzed through FTIR, SEM, and EDX analysis. The optimum adsorption parameters of pH, temperature, time of contact between adsorbent and adsorbate, groundnut shell dose, and metal ion concentrations were obtained from the batch studies, and the mass transfer mechanism and rate-controlling step was identified by isotherm and kinetic studies. Thermodynamic studies confirm the endothermic nature of the adsorption process between adsorbent and adsorbate, and the spent metal ions have been recovered using concentrated sulfuric acid.

The majority of nitrate (NO3‾) pollutants come from a different type of industries. Even if present in low amounts, these nitrates are harmful to humans and aquatic systems. This research investigated the utilisation of Tamarind Fruit shell (TFS) as biosorbent in the removal of Nitrate from aqueous solution. TFS shell was modified by soaking it with distilled water. Many remediation strategies are available, but they are both costly and ineffectual. However, it has been discovered via significant research that waste materials such as tamarind bark, eggshells, and agricultural wastes are well suited to removing nitrate from waste water using the biosorption process (Panida, et.al., 2010). Biosorption is a nitrate removal process that is both environment friendly and cost-effective. The equilibrium distribution of NO3‾ onto the surface of the TFS can be best explained by Freundlich isotherm. Based upon the reaction of the thermodynamic study the TFS- NO3‾ interaction is an endothermic (Amardeep, et.al., 2013). A substantial chance in the NO3‾ - TFS interaction is expected because of the significant gain in the translational entropy by the displaced synchronised water molecules. Than the Chemiluminescence Analysing techniques Spectroscopic studies shows the biosorption capacity of TFS shows a little variation between 1.25 mg/g for 1 mm size and 2.14 mg/g for 0.13 mm size.

The ecological aspects such as environmental factors, socio-economic constraints, and demographic parameters are one of the key aspects of examining the health benefits of human subjects and are used as a ready reference in ecosystem modeling. Ecosystems are growing at an extraordinary speed around the world. Environmental factors are assumed to be responsible for over half of the global illness load. Environmental and ecological imbalances have a severe effect on public health, food security, global geopolitical and economic stability. The increased amount of environmental polluting factors eventually affects the health of humans and can cause diseases and disorders. Presently, there are various kinds of deadly diseases and disorders that are liable for affecting human health and impacting the eco framework of the whole world. Viruses such as corona, swine flu, omicron, and others are one of the best examples for the research community to understand the vulnerability of human health to these unpredictable causes. As per the report of the world health organization every year more than ten million people are affected by such ecological and environmental disbalance. The impact of environmental factors on the functioning of several organs in humans appears to be significant. There is a need to understand this ecological model with the health of human subjects. In this study, a cohort-based data set of ecological pollutants and physiological signals such as ECG and anthropogenic data of human subjects were extracted from Maharashtra from 2015 to 2021. As per neural network-based hazard ratio was calculated and observed to be deplorable among unhealthy and health categories of human subjects. The accumulative ecosystem is responsible for overburdening organs of living beings and policymakers must focus on the facts of study for modern management framework designs. Such initiatives could result in a more robust understanding of the human health implications of increasing environmental change, impacting decision-making in the environmental preservation and preventive health services.