Issue 4

The evaluation of wetland ecosystem service lays the foundation to the wetland protection and exploitation. Evaluating the ecological service of all types of wetlands scientifically and reasonably is critical to improving the quality of ecological environment and securing the regional ecological security. In the middle reaches of the Yellow River, a typical sediment-laden river wetland- Sanmenxia Reservoir area Wetland, is chosen as the research target. Based on the systematic analysis its unique formation process and ecological services, the biological resources are formed, including the value of supply service, regulation service, support service, and cultural service. The value of wetland ecological services was calculated by market value, opportunity cost, shadow engineering and substitution cost methods. The results show that the total value of wetland ecosystem service is worth about 80.86 billion yuan, and the dominant ecological services are regulation service and support service with the economic value of 46.49% and 50.85% respectively. The evaluation results make people more directly understand the importance of wetland leading ecological service and provide scientific basis for the protection and management of wetland in Sanmenxia Reservoir area.

Hydrological and ecological role of wetlands were growing significant. Based on Landsat satellite remote sensing data collected in the years of 1990, 2000 and 2014, and integrating GIS with analytical methods of landscape ecology, research on changes of land use/cover and landscape pattern of Zhalong Wetland from 1990 to 2014 was conducted. Then, we analysed the effect of human activities and climate changes on land use/cover. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) Significant changes in land use/cover have taken place in Zhalong wetland during 1990-2014.Cultivated land, unused land and construction land increased continually, while the area of reed swamp, water swamp, grass land and water land decreased accordingly; (2) Landscape patch shape has be increasingly irregular and turned complexed, there was the tend of the growing diversification and homogenization of land use change and the growing complicate landscape pattern in Zhalong wetland; (3) There was a warm-dry climate trend from 1958 to 2014; (4) Human activities including population, construction, water land pollution and production have been threatening the wetland ecosystem. Those changes in Zhalong area were caused by nature and human activity. However, the human’s contributions are great.

Objective: adaptation of tea disease spot recognition method based on image feature points extraction and matching, can achieve fast and accurate recognition of tea disease spot, and provide reference for remote sensing disease monitoring with plant protection UAV at low altitude. Methods: hyperspectral imaging technology and image processing technology are used to collect hyperspectral images of 4 kinds of samples, such as anthracnose, brown leaf spot disease, tea white star and healthy leaf, and the extracted spectral reflectance of sensitive waveband of interest region is regarded as spectral feature. Twice principal component analysis is performed to obtain the second principal component image after the second principal component analysis as the feature image. Computer processing technology and pattern recognition technology are utilized to analyze characteristic parameters of tea disease spot, like color, shape and texture. On the basis of the feature that tone of tea disease spot in HSI (hue-saturation-intensity) color space is different. H component image is employed to extract tea disease spot, so as to get the tea disease spot image. n total, 12 colors parameters, 11 shape parameters and 8 texture parameters of each disease spot region are extracted. 20 feature parameters of strong classification ability are selected using variance and principal component analysis method to form classification eigenvectors. 35 eigenvectors of tea non-disease spot and 35 eigenvectors of tea disease spot tea are randomly selected to compose the training set. Fischer discriminant function is utilized for accurate recognition of tea disease spot based on the training set. Results: information of disease spot of the leaves with different types of disease has obvious features in the PC2 image. The features of PC2 image is regarded as the feature image for disease spot extraction later. The segmentation effect of anthracnose and tea white star is better. Images of disease spot region of different types before and after segmentation are obtained. The correct recognition rate of tea disease test set is 90%, and the correct recognition rate of non-disease test set is 95%. Conclusion: the proposed method can accurately identify tea disease spot, and provide technical support for monitoring the disease of tea at low altitude.

On the Basis of Relevant Theory and Literature Research, analyze the development of forestry enterprises in northeast China, and establish the evaluation index system of the ecological situation of forestry enterprises in northeast China. Based on the composite weights of objective and subjective empowerment, the ecological niche and potential of forestry enterprises in Northeast state-owned forest areas were evaluated, and establishes the evaluation index system of the ecological situation of forestry enterprise in northeast China. Based on this, the ecological position and potential of forestry enterprises in the northeast of the northeast are evaluated, and the model of the evolution path selection matrix of the northeast state-owned forest is constructed. Finally, based on the development of ecological path dependence and path breakthrough, passive adaptation and initiative adaptation, the functional ecological selection of forestry enterprises in the northeast state-owned forest sector is combined with the ecological potential of the forestry enterprise, which is the economic benefit priority, ecological benefit and the three main benefits. Based on the basis of the contribution of three different forestry enterprises and the potential value of different forestry enterprises, the corresponding alternative evolution path of the functional ecological evolution of forestry enterprises in the northeast state-owned forest sector is proposed.