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Nowadays, due to the development of the world, harmful gases and vapours have begun to enter the atmosphere significantly, so we are faced with the problem of air pollution and its low quality. This paper, therefore, focused on enclosed car parks, a parking system that needs to be well examined from an environmental perspective. It is not possible to predict in advance what levels of pollution from engines burning fossil fuels will reach in indoor environments. Because many factors can affect the concentration, such as vehicle type and fuel ventilation, as well as cumulative vehicle emissions in the environment. This study presents the relationship between indoor meteorology factors and pollutants besides evaluating the air quality in closed car parks by collecting the concentration of emitting pollutants. The data were aggregated from five garages in the centre of Konya province. The data were analyzed by using the program SPSS statistics 25. It has been mentioned the points that must be considered, measurements and suggestions to reduce air pollution in the car parks. Correlation coefficients showing the relationship between indoor air quality parameters and their importance levels were determined. According to the significance level, α = 0.05; It has been determined that there is a highly positive and significant relationship between indoor particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10). In addition, it was determined that there was a moderate and significant relationship between temperature and CO2 value. In addition, it has been determined that there is a weak positive relationship between particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and gases (CO2 and CO) values, and between CO, PM2.5 and PM10 and Temperature value. There was a weak negative significant relationship between temperature and relative humidity. When the measurement results were evaluated, it was observed that the PM2,5 and PM10 levels in all car parks exceeded EPA, WHO specified standards, but the CO2 and CO concentrations were at acceptable levels according to the specified values, suggesting that certain ventilation measures need to be taken to reduce the concentration of pollutants in the garage.

In the present work, the potential of cumnium cyminum as an effective bio adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye (Red 95) was investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of adsorbent dosage, pH and contact time with initial dye concentration on adsorption. In connection with adsorbent dosage the highest removal efficiency was 143.64mg/L of removal efficiency 88.36%, regarding pH study the peak removal attained with 141.37mg/L with the removal percentage 86.76% and for contact time study the removal efficiency attained in the concentration of 142.10mg/L in the removal percentage of 87.41%. The adsorption studies demonstrated that the Thomson model, and Yoon nelson model are excellent descriptions of adsorption processes. The maximum adsorption capacity of 143.64 mg/L toward biosynthesized nano adsorbent with removal rates of 88.36% and greatest R2 value of around 0.9879 was well suited to the equilibrium data. The ANOVA was used for the analysis of variance to determine the best parameters for the overall adsorption model. Utilizing SEM, XRD, and FTIR methods, the adsorbent was characterized. Different desorbing agents, such as NaOH, HCl, and NaCl, were examined for the desorption of cationic dye (Red 95) loaded with adsorbent generated from cumnium cyminum, and it was shown that HCl was the most effective desorbing agent when combined with deionized doubly distilled water (DDDW). The proportion removal of cationic dyes was improved with increasing adsorbent dose and contact time and the percent of color exclusion was decreasing with increasing pH.

TiO2 is the most effective photocatalyst but it has low adsorption in the visible region. Many efforts have been done to improve its photocatalytic activity in the solar region. In this study we use Mo-oxy species supported on titania surface since it is well known that titania surface can dispersed Mo oxo species through the development of intense interactions. The binary system was further modified with another metal ion M2+ (M: Co, Cu, Zn). These ions have different chemical properties and they alter the physicochemical properties of the ternary system. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared catalysts were determined for the degradation of 0.5 mg L-1 sulfamethoxazole under solar irradiation. It was found that the deposition of Mo has a detrimental effect on the activity of TiO2 while the deposition of Zn or Cu can improve the activity of the ternary system. The sulfamethoxazole degradation follows first order kinetics and the activity of the catalysts is well correlated with the interactions developed between support and supported phases.

This study utilized a series of experimental tests, including the Atterberg limit, standard Proctor, permeability, and direct shear tests. Three composites were investigated: 85% fly ash-10% bentonite (V1), 90% fly ash-5% bentonite (V2), and 95% fly ash-0% bentonite (V3). All composites contained 5% coconut fiber. The plasticity index (PI) increased significantly from 19.10% to 22.15%, with a change in bentonite content from 0% to 10%. All composite met the landfill liner plasticity index standards. The permeability values were low and satisfied local criteria, namely 1.052 x 10-5 (V1), 1.260 x 10-5 (V2), and 1.394 x 10-5 (V3). Composite V2 has the best value with a cohesion value of 55 kPa and a shear angle of 22°.Therefore, composite V3 was the most promising composite as an alternative covering material for landfills because it has the lowest atterberg limits results, the lowest OMC, and the results from the direct shear test that meet the criteria even though it is not the best result among the three variations. However, by supporting the OMC value and good plasticity, the V3 composite was chosen. This study is beneficial and valuable in the engineering, selection, and design of materials used for the construction of landfill liners. .