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One of the known methods for dye removing from waste water is using sorbent material for fine removal of dye .The nano- cation exchanger Sulphonated poly glycidyl methacrylate (SPGMA polymer) was used as sorbent material for removing one of the common cationic dyes. SPGMA polymer was prepared and characterized to ensure its surface ability to sorb dye. Percentage removal of Methylene Blue using SPGMA polymer was studied by changing different parameters as sorbent amount, stirring speed, pH and solution temperature. The maximum value for dye removal was about 98%. Adsorption data from experimental work shows that the results fit the pseudo first order model for all parameters studied except for pH study fits pseudo second order. Also sorption mechanism for SPGMA polymer was studied for different dye concentration.

Isotope mass balance in lake systems is strongly correlated with several climatic factors such as temperature, evaporation, precipitation and air moisture. On the other hand, the sedimentary budget of lake basins driven by climate, tectonic and/or human impact is an essential pool of environmental records. Precipitation, springs and lake water δD and δ18O isotope data were used in order to understand the key factors for the hydrological balance of Balkan lakes in West Macedonia. In general, it is concluded that the open lake Ohrida and the semi-closed lake Kastoria are more buffered hydrological as karst systems and less sensitive to evaporation effect, in contrast to the closed lake system of Prespes that present a strong dependence on climate seasonality. Based on oxygen isotopes in bulk sediments, it is concluded that in Kastoria lake basin an increased run-off on the land surface, probably under a more humid period, in 2.4 kyr BP disturbed the transition to a drier regime from mid/late Holocene to present.

Constructed wetlands with a land-intensive, low energy and less operational requirement have been used as a sustainable green technology for treating wastewaters. But are constructed wetlands sustainable? The objectives of the present study are to evaluate one year monitored horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland’s treatment efficiency from May 2017 to May 2018 and to estimate the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in terms of N2O and CH4. As field data show the average removal efficiencies are low but are all within the effluent standard for water quality. One year average of high suspended solids (91.1 %), high total nitrogen (%85.6), low total phosphorous (22.4% TP), low organic matter (43.1% BOD5 & 35.9% COD) removals are obtained. One year average methane and nitrous oxide emissions at the outlet of constructed wetland are calculated as 17.52 and 0.29 kg/d, respectively.

In the recent era, utmost attention is paid towards exploring the alternative source of energies, being more specific green energies. In modern days, when growing energy scarcity is a hot topic and considered as a global threat, in that context a green technology capable of sustainably addressing waste management issues and synthesize waste-derived end-product such bio-diesel from Jatropha Curcas linnaeus (JCL) and Chlorella vulgaris shall be paid ancillary attention. The attribution of the above-mentioned species and Lemnagibba L towards the purification of the municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate by utilizing its bioaccumulation properties and ultimately yielding several value-added co-products could be the solution of the era in terms of sustainable leachate treatment. A specially designed ridge furrow phytoremediation wetland was fabricated under the controlled environment associated with a pre-treatment facility and bottom lining system to captivate the downward percolation. A 1.5 m high Jatropha species were planted at an interval of 1 m on the ridges and the root for the same found to reach a depth of 0.8 m on an average over a period of 3 months. Leachate was supplied by means of free flow into the furrows with an initial addition rate of 1 m3 per day for a 10 m x 10 m remediation hybrid pond system and simultaneously the loading was elevated up to 80 m3/ha/day. Prior to the active remediation zone, a pre-treatment unit was installed which works on the bio-accumulation property of the vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides). A packed bed system of gravel, marble chips, sand, and coconut coir as a medium of filtration was installed to bring the concentrate waste juice up to the wetland treatment standard. Moreover, the bleaching influence of the sunlight also found to be effective against pathogen removal, active evaporation, and evapotranspiration. The ultimate treatment capacity for the designated size was assessed as ~ 0.03 m3 per day ascertained with an HRT value of 45 days. The ultimate outcome was on par with the influent characteristics obligatory for the tertiary units with a comprehensive efficacy value evaluated as approx. 60%. Thus, it’s quite evident to claim the feasibility of the present study towards the bio-remediation of the enormous quantity of leachate generation associated with the handling of solid waste which is otherwise, a costly affair.