All

In order to provide corresponding suggestions for the establishment and development of China's carbon trading market mechanism, the three-party game model of the competent government departments, carbon emission enterprises and third-party verification institution in the initial allocation of carbon emission rights and the rotation bargaining game model in the secondary carbon trading market are solved and analyzed in this paper. The results show that the competent government departments should improve the review efficiency effectively to reduce cost by outsourcing the review work to universities, research institutes and other scientific research units and increasing punishment for the collusion behavior between the carbon emission enterprises and third-party verification institution. At the same time, the competent government departments should adopt the regular regulatory policies to deal with collusion behavior and reduce the sampling proportion to cut cost of government review. The trading center should directly determine transaction price in combination with the forces of buyers and sellers, and make matchmaking trading directly by selecting the qualified buyers and sellers at the secondary carbon trading market in process of bilateral open bidding.

Pozzolanic material and a chemical admixture have been used in the current investigation; Nano Biomass Silica (NBS) and Poly-Carboxylate Ether (PCE). NBS produces 20% of the 590 million tonnes of paddy produced globally. Amorphous silica, a mineral component used in concrete, is present in sizable levels in these by-products (NBS). A binary and ternary of NBS with partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and the addition of PCE with varying dosage by weight of cement were used. This study's goal is to determine how they affect paste Setting time (ST) and Standard consistency (SC), and hydration temperature evaluation conducted in hot weather with various percentage at NBS from 6, 12 and 18% and PCE with varying dosage from 0.8, 0.9 and 1%. The chemical bond & structure of pozzolanic and chemical admixture in the FTIR were analysed. While PCE showed very little impact on consistency, higher w/b ratios with higher NBS levels were required for the maintenance of OPC-NBS paste consistency standards. The Initial setting time (IST) & Final setting time (FST) for binary OPC-NBS pastes significantly raise to 6% NBS, followed by a decrease at 12% and 18% NBS. However, for OPC-PCE pastes, the IST increased to 0.8%PCE followed by decrease at 0.9% and 1% PCE. In cement paste, PCE can be added as an additive, but the FST increases with an increase in the PCE percentage. At the same time, the mineral admixtures NBS can be used as a cement paste to decrease the FST and also reduce agricultural waste. NBS will effectively use silica ash as a microstructure filler as an additive in manufacturing to produce a certain form of cement with specific IST and FST, in particular for the sustainability of building materials and in hot weather.

In this research, capability of adsorption of modified chitosan Nano composites with functionalized mesoporous silica which synthesized by electrospinning method in the removal of direct black ANBN dye has been studied. Silicate mesoporous were functionalized during synthesis process and then the intended Nano fibers were produced by using of electrospinning device. Synthesized Nano fibers were recognized by analyzing the FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, and TEM and tension test. The removal of direct black ANBN dye from aqueous solution in a continuous system was done by this adsorbent by studying the effects of some parameters such as type and amount of adsorbent, pH, initial concentration of colored solution and contact time; And at the end finding appropriate isotherms for direct black dye adsorption was done. The result show that simple CTS/SBA-15 have the best removal efficiency in 40 min of contact time, in acidic pH, with 0.05 gr adsorbent and 60 mg/L initial concentration. By examining the adsorption isotherms, it has been clearly defined [that] Removal of this dye follows Freundlich model. In order to compare accurately and evaluate the efficiency of the synthesized sample, the adsorption of Direct Black ANBN was investigated by two different adsorbents: CTS/SBA-15 and Chitosan. According to the results, CTS/SBA-15 Nano fibers have suitable efficiency for removal of direct black ANBN dye.

The ability of the anaerobic mixed bacterial culture from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) bioreactor to convert blends of olive mill wastewaters (OMWs) with synthetic glucose medium or molasses into ethanol simultaneously with organic acids (OAs) was studied in the present work. All fermentations were conducted by free cells under non-aerated conditions at 37 οC and the effect of OMWs concentration on ethanol and OAs production was investigated. The highest amount of bioethanol (14.7 g L-1) was produced during fermentation of 45 % v/v OMWs mixed with synthetic glucose medium (5 % w/v) in only 28 hours. In mixtures of 30 % v/v OMWs and molasses solution (3 oBe) 13.4 g L-1 of bioethanol were produced. Also, 16.2 g L-1 of succinic acid were produced, when 65 % v/v OMWs mixed with synthetic glucose medium. Moreover, totally 11.6 g L-1 of varied OAs (succinic, malic, butyric and acetic) observed in mixtures of 35 % OMWs with molasses. Finally, it has been shown that the 14C-labelled glucose uptake rate (GUR) by biomass was strongly correlated to fermentation rate.