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The Maluku Islands (henceforth MI) are situated in the northeastern Indonesia. Ocean region off the central MI is pivotal as it provides a course for the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) through the Lifamatola passage. However, sea surface dynamics off the central MI is unknown until recently due to inadequate measurements. The current fact motivates the present study to decipher the coastal wind variability off the central MI and its effect on the sea surface by analysing long-term datasets (2007-2019) of satellite-derived sea surface wind, sea surface temperature (SST), and surface chlorophyll-a concentration. Possible influence of extreme climate events of the 2015 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the 2019 Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on all oceanographic parameters was also examined. Results show that the prevailing southeasterly winds over the central MI induce SST cooling and phytoplankton bloom. Correlation analysis revealed that the ENSO and IOD play significant roles in defining spatial distribution of the coastal wind, SST, and phytoplankton bloom in the research area. In addition, the anomaly analysis exhibits distinct oceanographic features during the climate extreme events of 2015 and 2019. Collectively, results of the present research highlight the importance of coastal wind variability and extreme events in shaping the ocean surface characteristics and perhaps regional fisheries production.

The urge of environmental friendly techniques in textile processing is gaining much attention due to high risks of effluent load causing eco-imbalance. For the present study, the cotton fabric and Reactive Violet H3R dye solution were treated with microwave radiation for 2, 4, 6, 8 & 10 min. at different powers (low, medium & high). Dyeing was performed using un-irradiated (NRC) and irradiated cotton (RC) with un-irradiated (NRS) and irradiated dye solution (RS). Different dyeing parameters were optimized and ISO standard methods for color fastness were employed to rate the color change before and after irradiation. It is found that microwave irradiation for 8 min. at high power has given good colour strength. When 60 mL irradiated dye solution of 7.5pH containing 8g/L of salt as exhausting agent is used to dye irradiated fabric at 60^oC for 55 min. ISO standards for colorfastness employed at various shades have shown that microwave irradiation has improved the rating of fastness properties. It is concluded that microwave irradiation has a promising potential to improve the color strength and dyeing properties under mild conditions.

Numerical simulation was conducted to assess the impact of dust emission on typical environmental sites in Jinan City. The CALPUFF model was applied to five simulation scenarios. The results showed that dust emission had a significant impact on air quality in Jinan. The impact of dust emission on the average concentration of PM10 at 15 monitoring sites was 19.8 μg/m3, accounting for 14.9% of the annual total. The impact of dust emission on the average concentration of PM2.5 was 5.2 μg/m3, accounting for 8.1% of the annual total. Adoption of yellow warning measures in the emission reduction scenarios had insignificant environmental effects due to unfavorable meteorological conditions. Compared with the baseline scenario, the average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 decreased by 13.6% and 1.9%, respectively. After adoption of orange and red warning measures, the impact of site dust emission on air quality at the monitoring site was reduced significantly. Significant environmental effects were achieved after all construction sites within a 2-km radius of the monitoring site were closed. Compared with the baseline scenario, the average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were reduced by 45.5% and 42.3%, respectively. The results showed that under adverse meteorological conditions, higher-level warning measures should be undertaken to reduce the impact of site emissions on environmental quality. Considering the economic and social effects of emission reduction, temporary construction stoppage within 2 km of the monitoring site is a feasible plan that is in accordance with the goals of comprehensive environmental management.

The commercial imidacloprid (IMD) insecticide [1-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl) methyl-4,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-amine] is widely used for the enhancement of crop production, but the intensive use of this insecticide has caused serious environmental problems. This work presents an electrochemical process for the removal of this insecticide using galvanostatic electrolysis at modified tantalum surface by lead dioxide film anode (Ta(PbO2)) anode. The electrolytic process was monitored by chemical oxygen demand (COD). The influence of operating parameters, such as current density, initial concentration of IMD, temperature and initial pH value was investigated. The COD decay follows a pseudo first-order kinetic and the process was under mass transport control. COD removal reach 97% when using an apparent current density of 100 mA cm−2, initial COD of 953 mg L−1 and at 25 °C after 4.5 h electrolysis time.