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Evaluating Coconut Fiber and Fly Ash Composites for Use in Landfill Retention Layers

Puspita AS. Budihardjo MA. Samadikun BP., Pages:1-7

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.004554

Paper Topic:

Solid Waste Management

Issue:

Issue 4

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Abstract

This study utilized a series of experimental tests, including the Atterberg limit, standard Proctor, permeability, and direct shear tests. Three composites were investigated: 85% fly ash-10% bentonite (V1), 90% fly ash-5% bentonite (V2), and 95% fly ash-0% bentonite (V3). All composites contained 5% coconut fiber. The plasticity index (PI) increased significantly from 19.10% to 22.15%, with a change in bentonite content from 0% to 10%. All composite met the landfill liner plasticity index standards. The permeability values were low and satisfied local criteria, namely 1.052 x 10-5 (V1), 1.260 x 10-5 (V2), and 1.394 x 10-5 (V3). Composite V2 has the best value with a cohesion value of 55 kPa and a shear angle of 22°.Therefore, composite V3 was the most promising composite as an alternative covering material for landfills because it has the lowest atterberg limits results, the lowest OMC, and the results from the direct shear test that meet the criteria even though it is not the best result among the three variations. However, by supporting the OMC value and good plasticity, the V3 composite was chosen. This study is beneficial and valuable in the engineering, selection, and design of materials used for the construction of landfill liners. .

Harvesting of Dunaliella salina using electrocoagulation with helix electrode and producing HHO gas as promising Hydrogen fuel

Purwono, H. Hadiyanto, Budihardjo M A, Pages:1-6

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005289

Paper Topic:

Environmental data analysis and modelling

Issue:

Issue 1

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Abstract

Biofuels obtained from renewable sources are the only alternative in the global economy from a sustainable point of view. Microalgae have shown tremendous potential as a major source of biomass production that can be used as biofuels. At the same time, gas hydrogen is a non-polluting energy source because it is produced from renewable sources. This study aims to analyze the harvesting efficiency of Dunaliella salina using electrocoagulation with a helix electrode and having HHO gas as hydrogen fuel. D salina harvesting using an EC reactor made of acrylic is done on a batch scale. Helix-shaped type 304 stainless steel is the cathode, and solid cylindrically-shaped Fe is the anode. The voltage set is 20 Volts, while the electrolysis time is varied between 1. 5. 10. 15. 20. 25 and 30 minutes. The harvesting efficiency of D salina using electrocoagulation with a helix electrode was the highest at 84.74%. The highest concentration of dissolved hydrogen gas was 1.753 ppm. The highest volume of HHO gas was 1978 mL resulting from a 30-minute electrocoagulation with a helix electrode, 20-volt voltage. Nanoscale glovaries are formed on the electrode through heterogeneous nucleation at the solid-liquid interface. After nucleation, the nanobubbles grow, and the buoyancy forces of the growing bubbles cause gas release from the cathode surface. This process continues until it causes many bubbles to produce 1978 mL HHO gas for 30 minutes. During the study, the convex HHO gas formed helped remove coagulated D salina floc through electro-flotation. When the time of D salina harvesting using electrocoagulation with a helix electrode significantly affects D salina harvesting efficiency, gas HHO volume, pH, and temperature, harvesting time has no significant effect on dissolved hydrogen gas concentration and ORP.

A new method of nowcasting wildfires and impacts: a case study for the USA

Panayiotis Κ. Varotsos, Maria N. Efstathiou, Pages:1-5

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005450

Paper Topic:

Ecology, environmental change and management

Issue:

Issue 1

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Abstract

In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the intensity and frequency of wildfires worldwide mainly due to the escalating climate crisis and land-use change. Wildfires result in a decline in air quality and cause damage to property, crops, resources, wildlife, and human lives. Since models predict that the number of wildfires will rise by 50% by 2100 the reduction of the wildfire risk is more crucial than ever. We herewith attempt to develop a simple model for nowcasting such catastrophic events that may be useful for preparing authorities and policymakers. As an example, the case of the USA is presented by analyzing the count of wildfires and acres burned there over the past four decades to forecast such catastrophic events over the next ten years. The approach employed in this research can serve as an additional resource in the field of environment and fire ecology, aiding in identifying fire-adapted ecosystems and fire patterns.

Utilization of cement power plant beds for aerated concrete thermal blocks

Bhagavathi Pushpa T and Swaminathan S, Pages:1-10

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005432

Paper Topic:

Water treatment

Issue:

Issue 2

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Abstract

Nowadays cement industry power plant bed wastes can be used to create aerated concrete blocks for widespread usage in the construction sector instead of sand. The optimum materials for building enclosures for a variety of uses include aerated concretes. To enhance the physical and mechanical qualities of Non-Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (NAAC) blocks, bed material is introduced in this study as a superior alternative material. The non-autoclaved concrete blocks in this study are made with cement, bed materials, fly ash, gypsum, and a consistent amount of 0.65 grams of aluminium powder. The mix preparation and method employed for manufacturing NAAC blocks, the composition of mix specimens and the dosing and mixing processes have been expounded upon, shedding light on the critical steps in the production. According to the suggested method in IS 2185 (Part III) of 1984, the proportion of bed materials was taken by volume of compacted dry material for NAAC of Size 22cm x 10.5cm x 7cm. Experiments into the NAAC block's compressive strength plus water absorption of the bed materials were followed by comparisons of these characteristics with clay and fly ash bricks sold in the market. As a result, NAAC blocks met the 6 MPa strength criteria specified by Indian Standard code IS2185 (Part III): 1984. However, the strength of the aforementioned NAAC brick at 28 days was 7.28 MPa for Sample T5. A more in-depth presentation of the testing methods, focusing on the compressive strength tests was conducted at various intervals (7, 14, 21, and 28 days). The density values and water absorption rates for each test sample (T1 to T5) are now presented with additional insights into the observed trends. According to the research, blocks manufactured with NAAC bed materials tend to be stronger and lighter than those made with conventional clay bricks. They also produce non-autoclaved concrete blocks. Therefore, the creation of such inexpensive blocks can be employed for extensive production.

Formaldehyde degradation using Biofilter loaded with Compost, Vermiculite and Activated Carbon: Performance and Optimization

Malathi R. Jeyanthi J., Pages:1-9

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005622

Paper Topic:

Air Quality

Issue:

Issue 3

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Abstract

Formaldehyde is one of the typical indoor pollutants causing theprevalence of acute health issues among those residing in indoor environments. Biofiltrationis a commonly adopted technique to treat indoor air pollutants. In this investigation, a biofilter was fabricated and compactly filled with compost, vermiculite and activated carbon (65:25:10) as a media composition for enhanced formaldehyde degradation. The influence of formaldehyde inlet concentration (0.01 – 1 gm-3g/m3) and EBRT (30 – 180 s) was studied to evaluate the biofilter performance. Their progression was assessed with dynamic operations in five phases with two stages each. The formaldehyde removal was achieved between the range of 32% to 98% with regular intervals of EBRT at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 seconds, which depend upon varying their flow rate and inlet loading rate. The biofilter performance lasted for over 202 days with a 98% formaldehyde removal and 23 g/m3h-1biofilter capacity under the maximum EBRT (180 s) and inlet formaldehyde concentration (1 gm-3g/m3). The experimental findings demonstrated the efficacy of biofilter in withstanding substantial formaldehyde loading rate while maintaining an acceptable EBRT. The primary microbe responsible for formaldehyde degradation was identified to be as gram-negative bacteria.

Experimental study of biodegradability of organic waste with industrial waste combined with effluents: a comparison by vermicomposting technology

B. Hemalatha, M.C.Sashikkumar, S.Vivek, S. Ramesh , M.Dinesh, S.Laxmi Priya Babu, V.Priya, Pages:1-12

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005480

Paper Topic:

Solid Waste Management

Issue:

Issue 3

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Abstract

Vermicomposting is a mesophilic biooxidation and stabilization process of organic materials that involves the joint action of earthworm and microorganism. An experiment was conducted to prepare vermicompost using partially decomposed organic waste such as MSW, fruit waste, vegetable waste and yard waste by employing indigenous earthworm species. This research has been done for reducing the environmental issues, pollution problems due to solid waste and industrial waste i.e., wastewater and sludge by converting it into compost by using earthworms very successfully and economically. Non-toxic and organic industrial wastes could be potential raw material for vermicomposting. In the past few years, vermicomposting has been used for the management of industrial wastes and sludges and to convert them into vermicompost for land restoration practices. The earthworms used were Eudrillus euginea. In this study the industrial sludge and effluent from dairy industry was mixed with organic waste with different ratio. This process was done under the controlled conditions of pH, moisture content and temperature. In this process partially decomposed organic waste were broken down and fragmented rapidly by earthworms resulting in a stable non-toxic material with good structure which has a potentially high economic value as soil conditioner for plant growth. The results reveal the increased nutrient content, increased worm population and decreased processing days of the waste in the order of dairy waste with organic waste. The main objectives of this study include to find viable management techniques for organic as well as industrial waste and to make a detailed analysis of the route of stabilization with observations such as temperature, pH, EC, COD, TS, VS, AC and C/N. and to produce good quality biofertilizer fixed by nutritive values.

Environmental regulation, hog scale production and the synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction

Jiang Y.J. Qiao S.Y. Chen S.W. Ying R.Y. Zhang Y. , Pages:1-11

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005696

Paper Topic:

Environmental Management and Policies

Issue:

Issue 4 (In progress)

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Abstract

The synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction is conducive to promoting the green transformation of the economy. Based on China’s 30 provincial administrative panel data from 2002 to 2020, using the elastic concept to measure the synergy index and the panel fixed effect model to carry out empirical analysis, we analyzed the relation between environmental regulation and the synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction. The results revealed that: (1) Environmental regulation positively influenced the synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction in hog breeding. (2) Different types of pollution and carbon reduction had different synergistic effects. Compared with chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen, the positive effect of environmental regulation on the synergy of total phosphorus and carbon reduction was relatively weaker. (3) From the perspective of impact mechanisms, environmental regulation mainly achieved synergies through the “production constraint effect” and the “innovation compensation effect”. (4) Further analysis showed that environmental regulation had a significant scale threshold effect on the synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction in hog breeding. Therefore, the heterogeneity of pollutants and industrial scale should be considered in the optimization of environmental regulation policies.

Effective Deep Learning based Prediction Model for Groundwater Quality Assessment using Physio-chemical Parameters

Tamilchelvan P. Muralimohan N. Harikaran M. Kulanthaivel P. , Pages:1-11

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005474

Paper Topic:

Water Quality

Issue:

Issue 4 (In progress)

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to anticipate and investigate the groundwater quality in the regions of the Cauvery basin. In the post-monsoon season of 2020, 800 samples were collected from 200 different places for this paper. The AlexNet model is used in this book to forecast the water quality. In order to examine the groundwater quality, the anticipated groundwater samples are analyzed using main cations (K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Na+), major anions (NO2- +NO3-, CO3-, F-, HCO3-, Cl-, and SO42-), hardness, pH, and Electrical Conductivity (EC). The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the AlexNet model are used in this publication to validate its efficacy. Validating the following metrics determines if water is suitable for drinking and irrigation: sodium percentage, magnesium ratio, Kelly's ratio, sodium adsorption ratio, water quality index (WQI), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC). According to the research, the AlexNet model predicted water quality with 93%, 94.57%, and 91.47% accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity, respectively. According to the experimental results, the WQI value shows that 22% of the collected samples are acceptable for drinking, 63% are suitable for drinking, and the other 15% are only fit for irrigation and should not be consumed.

Nanoparticales in cosmetics, What we don’t know about safety and hidden risks . A mini-review

Lubna Abdulazeem, Fuad Ghazi Hassan, Mustafa Jawad Abed, Waleed S Torki, Ahmed Samir Naje, Pages:1-5

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.004304

Paper Topic:

Environmental Health

Issue:

Issue 1

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Abstract

Nanotechnology exemplifies advancement in the field of research and development by enhancing product efficacy through the introduction of novel solutions. In the field of cosmeceuticals, the use of nanotechnology is increasing to solve some of the limitations associated with conventional goods. Cosmeceuticals are the fastest-growing section of the personal care market, and their use has skyrocketed in recent years. Nanocosmeceuticals are a type of skin, hair, nail, and lip care product that is used to cure wrinkles, photoaging, hyperpigmentation, dandruff, and hair damage. However, nanotoxicological studies have raised concerns about the impact of expanding nanoparticle use in cosmeceuticals, as nanoparticles have the potential to permeate skin and create health problems. The research on nanotechnology in cosmeceuticals focuses on the multiple unique carriers utilized for cosmeceutical delivery, their good and negative aspects, marketed formulations, toxicity, and nanocosmeceutical restrictions. The primary goal of this editorial is to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of nanoparticles used in cosmetics.

Facile Prepared Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as a Nano-Catalyst on photo-Fenton process to remediation of methylene blue dye from water: Characterisation and Optimization

Ahmed Halfadji Mohamed Naous Khaldia nadia Kharroubi Fatima el zahraà Belmehdi Hanane Aoudia , Pages:1-6

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005312

Paper Topic:

Nanomaterials in the environment: applications and effects

Issue:

Issue 1

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Abstract

In this research, a simple method for the preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) with an average size of 38.05 nm via co-precipitation was investigated. X-ray diffraction (DRX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to characterize obtained Fe3O4 nanoparticles. These Fe3O4NPs were then used as nano-catalysts to degrade Methylene Blue (MB) in an aqueous solution via the Photo Fenton-like process. Also, under room solar light and low temperature, the photocatalytic activity of Fe3O4NPs for degrading MB was optimized through various experimental factors such as pH (ranging from 2 to 8), H2O2 concentration (from 10-2 to 5 × 10-1), catalyst amount (20 to 60 mg), and target organic compound concentrations (10 to 40 mg/L). The optimal experimental conditions were found to be a pH of 3, a dye concentration of 40 mg/L, and 40 mg of Fe3O4NPs as nano-catalyst. These conditions led to a high degree of removal (>86%) of MB dye from water. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the suitable model to describe the degradation of MB dye with a coefficient value of 0.969. From this, it was concluded that Fe3O4NPs could act as an effective nano-catalyst for a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to eliminate organic pollutants in water and wastewater. Keywords: Fe3O4Nps, structural characterization, BM degradation, photo-Fenton Oxidation process, pseudo-first-order Model, Nanocatalyst.

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Evaluating Coconut Fiber and Fly Ash Composites for Use in Landfill Retention Layers

Harvesting of Dunaliella salina using electrocoagulation with helix electrode and producing HHO gas as promising Hydrogen fuel

A new method of nowcasting wildfires and impacts: a case study for the USA

Utilization of cement power plant beds for aerated concrete thermal blocks

Formaldehyde degradation using Biofilter loaded with Compost, Vermiculite and Activated Carbon: Performance and Optimization

Experimental study of biodegradability of organic waste with industrial waste combined with effluents: a comparison by vermicomposting technology

Environmental regulation, hog scale production and the synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction

Effective Deep Learning based Prediction Model for Groundwater Quality Assessment using Physio-chemical Parameters

Nanoparticales in cosmetics, What we don’t know about safety and hidden risks . A mini-review

Facile Prepared Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as a Nano-Catalyst on photo-Fenton process to remediation of methylene blue dye from water: Characterisation and Optimization

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