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Development of a novel green waste compost stability monitoring method using the CIELAB color model

Tsivas D. Vlisidi A. Vlysidis A., Pages:1-9

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005448

Paper Topic:

Solid Waste Management

Issue:

Issue 3

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Abstract

Compost stability is an essential parameter of composting. Recent studies have shown that the color of compost is influenced by the initial characteristics of the main organic substrates. In this study, the progression of CIELAB color variables and typical compost stability and maturity indices were monitored during composting of green waste (GW) with different characteristics from previous studies. Results showed that the color variables a*, b* and C* exhibited a constant downward trend and a strong correlation with composting time (R2 > 0.90). In addition, the color variables Δb* and ΔC* were found to be correlated with the humification of the compost, and in particular HA/FA with R2 values above 0.83. Δb* and ΔC* are not affected by the initial characteristics of the green waste. Therefore, they can be used to monitor the stability of GW compost, regardless of different composting parameters, such as windrow size, additional materials, conditions, initial properties, and waste treatment delays. Δb* and ΔC* values above 2.76 and 2.96, respectively, can be used as an indicator of an acceptable degree of GW humification. Color analysis is a quick and easy compost stability monitoring method, and it can complement standard stability physicochemical indices.

Transforming waste into sustainable building materials: Properties and environmental impacts of Geopolymer concrete with recycled concrete aggregates

Periyasamy L Nagarajan V, Pages:1-8

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005518

Paper Topic:

Solid Waste Management

Issue:

Issue 2

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Abstract

Industrial by-products such as cementitious materials or aggregates have the potential to mitigate the adverse environmental effects associated with traditional cement manufacture. Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) is more eco-friendly than conventional concrete because it does not require cement. GPC with Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and Fly Ash (FA) reduce raw material use and create sustainable infrastructure. GPC compounds increase workability, slump value above standard concrete, and reduce the amount of water usage. The study examines GPC mechanical properties, durability, and environmental properties with different RCA content. The M30 concrete mix design is established by trial and error utilizing a 0.45 water/binder ratio. GPC with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% recycled coarse aggregate replaced natural aggregate(NA) by mass. GPC with 50% GGBS provides an early strength of 96% of normal compressive strength on day seven. The compressive, split tension, and flexural strengths exhibit significant improvement with up to a 40% substitution of NA with RA. These results highlight GPC's potential as a sustainable alternative in the construction sector.

Exploring and Assessing Construction Companies' ESG Performance in Sustainability

Lei X. Zhao K. , Pages:1-9

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005698

Paper Topic:

Circular economy

Issue:

Issue 3

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Abstract

This study delves into exploring and assessing ESG (Economic, Social, and Governance) performance in construction companies, utilizing China State Construction Group Corporation as a prominent example. The research aims to provide insights into sustainable practices within the construction industry. Employing a comprehensive framework, the study evaluates the economic, technological, environmental, social, and corporate governance aspects of ESG performance. The findings shed light on the specific influence of corporate governance and technology on the overall ESG performance. The China State Construction Group Corporation case study exemplifies notable advancements in these areas. The study concludes with valuable implications and recommendations for fostering enhanced ESG practices in the broader context of construction companies.

Potential of the Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa‏(‏‎ Rhizobium Bacteria for Nitrate and ‎Phosphate Removal from the Sugarcane Industry Wastewater

GolabKesh S. Khoramnezhadian S. Rajabzadeh Ghatrami ‎E. ‎Rashno‎ M., Pages:1-7

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005455

Paper Topic:

Water and Wastewater Treatment

Issue:

Issue 3

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Abstract

To conduct this experiment, rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from the root nodules of alfalfa ‎plants (Medicago sativa) in the Khuzestan province during the spring season. For the molecular ‎identification of superior isolates, DNA extraction and expression of 16S rDNA were performed. ‎To investigate nitrate (NO3-) and phosphate (PO43-) removal, 120 mL vials were filled with 50 mL of ‎laboratory wastewater containing specified concentrations of nitrate (25, 50, 100, and 200 mgL-1) ‎and phosphate (5, 10, 20, and 30 mgL-1). The removal percentage was examined over 1, 2, and 3 ‎hours. Results revealed that three rhizobial bacteria, including Sinorhizobium meliloti (bacterium 3) ‎‎(Query ID= DQ-145546.1), Sinorhizobium medicae (bacterium 2) (Query ID= CP-000738.1), and ‎Sinorhizobium meliloti (bacterium 1) (Query ID= CP 021215.1), were isolated and identified. The ‎highest removal efficiency was recorded within 3 hours at 44.61%. With an increase in ‎concentration, the removal efficiency decreased, reaching its lowest value (14.82%) at 200 mg L-1 ‎compared to other concentrations (p < 0.05). Besides, the bacterial type or mixture did not ‎significantly affect the nitrate removal percentage (p>0.05). At a concentration of 25 mg L-1, the ‎highest removal percentage (63.08%) was measured in the presence of bacteria at 3 hours. ‎Furthermore, the highest phosphate removal percentage was obtained at 37.4% at 5%, within 3 ‎hours, and a mixture of 3 bacteria. Furthermore, the efficiency of the mixture of 3 bacteria was ‎higher compared to bacterium 2 (p<0.05). Besides bacteria 1 and 3 with a removal percentage of ‎‎16.23% were ranked higher (p > 0.05). At higher concentrations and increased time, the nitrate and ‎phosphate removal percentages exhibited a consistent and fluctuating trend, respectively (p > 0.05). ‎Ribosome bacteria performed better in nitrate removal compared to phosphate (p ‎‏>‏‎ 0.05). ‎Considering that wastewater from agricultural and industrial centers contains a mixture of ‎nitrogenous and phosphorous substances, it appears that the use of a consortium of these bacteria ‎with different characteristics and compatibilities enhances the efficiency of purification and removal ‎of these parameters.‎

Biodiesel blends for eco-friendly CRDI-VCR engines: enhancing combustion and engine performance to minimize pollutant emissions

Anbarasan Baluchamy, Sakthi Rajan C Balamurugan S Venkatesh J, Pages:1-10

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005777

Paper Topic:

Emerging pollutants

Issue:

Issue 4 (In progress)

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Abstract

Energy is essential but associated with global greenhouse emissions. Therefore, clean and renewable energy is important for future development. To meet this demand, kapok oil methyl ester (KOME) was made from the kapok raw oil through the transesterification method. KOME was then combined with diesel in the ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30% (v/v%) to form KOME10, KOME20, and KOME30 mixtures. The combustion and emissions outcomes of KOME blends were studied at a stationary DI engine under different loads and modified common rail direct injection (CRDI) mode at 400 bar injection pressure, partial load, and CR of 19:1, 20:1, and 21:1. The combustion analysis of blends like maximum pressure (Pmax) and net heat release rate (HRRmax) were observe lesser than diesel at stationary mode, whereas they increased by 13–15% and 16–32% in CRDI mode, respectively. Exhaust from engine such as carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and smoke were decreased, but nitric oxide increased about 0.7–1.5% and 1.3–8% for stationary and CRDI modes, respectively, as compared to diesel. This concludes that KOME might be a suitable substitute to diesel fuel for non-road DI engine applications.

Efficiency of Food Waste Activated Carbon in Treating Biodiesel Plant Effluent: Impact on Process Conditions and NaOH Recovery

Santhosh A and Dawn S S, Pages:1-9

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005434

Paper Topic:

Water and Wastewater Treatment

Issue:

Issue 1

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Abstract

In work illustrated, the mixed food reject was carbonized and further activated with zinc chloride for biodiesel washwater treatment experiments. Biodiesel washwater is one of the significant side streams generated during biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. The food waste activated carbon (FWAC) and commercial activated carbon (CAC) were analyzed for structural and surface morphology using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Filed emission scanning microscopy (FE-SEM) and IR-Raman spectroscopy. The adsorption experiments were performed at 10 to 50 minutes with an adsorbent dosage of 0.1 to 0.5 in 100 mL of biodiesel wash water. pH, Turbidity and Total dissolved solid of biodiesel plant effluent before and after adsorption experiments were determined. Food waste-activated carbon used for the study reduced the effluent pH from 11.5 to 7, Turbidity from 435 NTU to 1 NTU and TDS from 1140 mg/L to 145 mg/L. The feasibility of NaOH recovery from biodiesel wash water was also studied.

Assessment of observed temperature trend patterns of Bhubaneswar city, India with special prominence on future projections using SimCLIM climate model and farmer’s perception

Khristodas P. M. (Corresponding Author) Palanivelu K. Ramachandran A Prusty B. A. K., Pages:1-11

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.004859

Paper Topic:

Global Environmental Change

Issue:

Issue 2

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Abstract

Temperature dynamics is a widely recognized indicator of the global warming phenomenon. Changes in temperature patterns in Bhubaneswar, India, were assessed by examining the monthly minimum and maximum temperature data for 60 years (1956–2015) sourced from the Indian Meteorological Department. SimCLIM climate change risk assessment software was used for projecting the temperature regime for four different representative concentration pathways. Further, a survey of 112 farmers was conducted to understand their perceptions of temperature variations in and around Bhubaneswar city using a multi-stage sampling technique. Mann–Kendall statistics and linear regression were used to analyze the monthly temperature data and trend detection. The study reveals a change of +4%,-4.44%, and +1.09% in the mean monthly maximum, minimum, and annual temperature. The results of the future projection show a temperature change of 0.81°C for RCP 2.6, 1.12°C for RCP 4.5, 1.03°C for RCP 6.0, and 1.54°C for RCP 8.5 for the year 2050. Confirming the analysis findings, most of the interviewed farmers also perceived increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation in and around the city. The study outcome of temperature trend analysis and future projections will be helpful for farmers and policymakers in formulating adaptation strategies to climate change.

Evaluation of aqueous phase adsorption of Acid Brown on mesoporous activated carbon prepared from Azolla Pinnate seaweed

Hariharan T, Gopi Raghunadh P V S, Sivaramakrishnan S and Lakshmana Phaneendra Maguluri, Pages:1-8

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005560

Paper Topic:

Water and Wastewater Treatment

Issue:

Issue 2

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Abstract

A mesoporous activated carbon was produced from the Azolla Pinnate (AP) seaweed by two-step chemical activation technique using sulphuric acid as activating agent. The adsorption of Acid Brown (AB) from aqueous solutions is examined using the produced carbon (AP). The produced activated carbon renders a homogeneous porous structure, predominantly mesoporous with 686.5 m2/g of BET surface area. The infra-red spectrum revealed AB affinity by multiple functional groups. The point of zero charge and the pH studies evidenced that the surface charge responsible for electronic affinity favours adsorption at higher pH. The SEM and FTIR analysis of AP before and after adsorption of acid brown shows multiple interactions, which is further substantiated by equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic models. Equilibrium adsorption data matched best with Langmuir isotherm model, thus primarily follows chemical interaction. However, physical affinity and heterogeneity of surface and species interaction also do exist nearly equally. Pseudo-second order kinetics provided the best explanation of the adsorption kinetics. The temperature variation studies revealed that acid brown adsorption is endothermic with high surface affinity.

Removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater: a review of different adsorptive approaches

Sathish Kumar V. Dhivakar M. Nagamani S. Dhanalakshmi A. Leema Margret A. , Pages:1-11

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005300

Paper Topic:

Water and Wastewater Treatment

Issue:

Issue 4 (In progress)

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Abstract

Over the past few decades, pharmaceuticals have contaminated the marine ecosystem. The entry of prescription medications into the environment, their underlying causes and problems, and effective methods for treating such contaminated water are all evaluated in this study. Adsorption is becoming a more popular preferred treatment method because, compared to other post-secondary treatments, it has less strength requirements and is easier to use. Despite being extensively researched as a chemosorptive for prescription medications, industrial activated charcoal is heavily restricted due to its expensive cost. For the purpose of eliminating prescription drugs from water and wastewater, novel unconventional low-cost alternatives were looked into, and adsorbents based solely on clay, biochar, agricultural wastes, industrial wastes, and metal-natural frameworks were discussed in a number of research studies. This second study examines prominent articles that address the problem, covering the continuous fixed-bed process, regeneration capabilities, historical, economic, and practical aspects, as well as adsorption performance in terms of kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics. Chemicals known as pharmaceuticals pollute the environment. This paper discusses the prevalence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, their main causes and effects, and proactive steps to remove them from the contaminated medium. This summary explains how the pollutant is mixed with the aquatic environment, along with its fundamental causes, insinuations, and effective methods for eliminating it. Compared to other therapies, adsorption offers advantages including less strength depletion and easier functioning conditions, making it a promising therapeutic approach.

Pine cone ash stabilization of expansive soils

Abiodun A. A. Farah R. E. Nalbantoglu Z., Pages:1-8

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005378

Paper Topic:

Solid Waste Management

Issue:

Issue 3

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Abstract

The use of appropriate waste materials to stabilize problematic soils, such as expansive soils that are responsible for geotechnical damage, is a common practice in geotechnical engineering. This study presents the use of pulverized ash from the combustion of pine cone (PC) waste as a stabilizing agent to improve the engineering properties of expansive soils. A series of laboratory tests were carried out to examine the effect of different percentages of pine cone ash (PCA) content (3%, 5%, 7%, and 10%) on the Atterberg limits, swelling potential (Sp), linear shrinkage, compressibility, and unconfined compressive strength (qu) of naturally occurring swelling soils and the PC ash-treated soils. The results showed that PC ash contents of 5% and 7% contributed to a significant reduction in the swelling and shrinkage potential and an improvement in the coarsest texture, brittleness behavior, compaction properties, and compressive strength of the treated soils. Conversely, PC ash contents below 3% and above 7% showed minimal changes in the index and engineering properties of the PC ash-treated soils. In particular, the PC ash content of 5% resulted in optimal mitigation of the poor properties of the treated soils. The use of pine cone ash as a stabilizing agent represents a suitable and complementary subgrade soil material for expansive soils on which lightweight structures are built.

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Development of a novel green waste compost stability monitoring method using the CIELAB color model

Transforming waste into sustainable building materials: Properties and environmental impacts of Geopolymer concrete with recycled concrete aggregates

Exploring and Assessing Construction Companies' ESG Performance in Sustainability

Potential of the Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa‏(‏‎ Rhizobium Bacteria for Nitrate and ‎Phosphate Removal from the Sugarcane Industry Wastewater

Biodiesel blends for eco-friendly CRDI-VCR engines: enhancing combustion and engine performance to minimize pollutant emissions

Efficiency of Food Waste Activated Carbon in Treating Biodiesel Plant Effluent: Impact on Process Conditions and NaOH Recovery

Assessment of observed temperature trend patterns of Bhubaneswar city, India with special prominence on future projections using SimCLIM climate model and farmer’s perception

Evaluation of aqueous phase adsorption of Acid Brown on mesoporous activated carbon prepared from Azolla Pinnate seaweed

Removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater: a review of different adsorptive approaches

Pine cone ash stabilization of expansive soils

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