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Dinitrobutylphenol is a toxic and resistant pollutant that pollutes the environment by producing toxins and chemical wastewater. Present paper aims to study the efficiency of the magnetic particles of walnut hard shell ash as a cheap and bi-compatible adsorbent for the removable of DNBP from aqueous environments. This study was conducted at laboratory scale and studied the most important parameters including contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, concentration of the pollutant and temperature on the efficiency of the process. Walnut hard shell ash was magnetized and its properties were studied using SEM, FTIR, XRD, and BET techniques. The fitness of the data was studied using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Results showed that at pH=7, temperature 25°C , 700 mg of adsorbent, within 50 min, the removal efficiency of DNBP with the initial concentration of 20 mg reached 93%. The isotherm studies showed that this process with fitness coefficient of 99% conforms to Langmuir equation and it has higher conformity to maximum adsorption of 142.88 mg/g. Magnetic particles of walnut hard shell ashes as a natural bio-friendly and cheap adsorbent is able to efficiently remove DNBP as a toxic and persistent material from aqueous environments and industrial wastewaters.

Coastal erosion is the process of wearing away material from the coastal profile due to an imbalance in the supply and export of material from a particular section of the coast which cause property damage, and the loss of land. This study investigates the rate of erosion and accretion along the southern coast of Tamil Nadu which was exposed to a lot of tourism and development activities. The shorelines were delineated for the years 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2020 on the high-resolution multi-temporal satellite images in the Google Earth Pro software by visual interpretation. The long-term and short-term changes were studied by three statistical parameters functionalized in DSAS v 5.0 tool in ArcGIS 10.6 software such as endpoint rate, net shoreline movement and linear regression rate (Cenci et al., 2018). The positions of the shoreline in 2030 and 2040 are forecasted using the Kalman filter-based forecast tool in DSAS and the changes were analysed. During the study period, the average rate of changes in Kanyakumari is -1.26 m/year, Tirunelveli is -1.01 m/year and Tuticorin is -1.09 m/year. the transects showed significant erosion along 19.54% of Kanyakumari, 3.79% of Tirunelveli, and 17.81% of Tuticorin coasts, and significant accretion is observed in 1.31% of Kanyakumari, 1.07% of Tirunelveli and 3.02% of Tuticorin coasts. The outcome of shows that erosion is prevailing on the Kanyakumari coast and erosion is prevailing in Tuticorin.

Severe energy crisis and vilest economic conditions in Pakistan demand the country’s energy portfolio to be revised with increased reliance on indigenous energy resources. The perspective of utilization of abundantly available biomass waste fractions as a fuel alone and their co-combustion with two different indigenous coal varieties has been emphasized in this study. Coal samples were blended with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, rice husk and sugarcane bagasse waste fractions in varying ratios of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% and the resulting variation in their fuel characteristics and co-combustion efficiency was determined. The execution is a basis to assess the assumption that co-combusion in appropriate proportions can arrange a solution for the massive amounts of produced organic waste and cut dependency on imported energy sources. The tanner diagram visualization for the assessment of proposed blends suggest that the blending samples exhibit an increase in moisture and combustible content while some decrease in ash content and calorific values with increased biomass ratios. Within the assortment of conducted trials, khaushab coal and rice husk in various proportions evidenced to be the best arrangement for fuel consumption based on energetic optimization. The overall results of studies inferred that both coal and biomass fuels alone and their co-firing can sustain self-combustion and subsequently arrange for finding area based solutions related to various energy operations.

Several chemical coagulants previously utilize for wastewater treatment with significant performance in removing heavy metals and other parameters. However, their cost effective and the residual of toxic chemical precipitates that pose problems to human health and the environment. Therefore, using plant-based natural coagulants is considered as an alternative technique which is non-toxic, biodegradable and environmentally friendly. This research aims to explore the performance of date stones as a natural coagulant in iron and steel plant wastewater treatment and to optimize the operating parameters to assess the feasibility of using date stones in the wastewater treatment sector. Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a statistical experimental design, was used to improve the COD, TSS, NH3-N, and heavy metals removal efficiency using 1.4 g/200 mL date stones as control parameters, as well as pH and settling time. At pH 8, the most significant removal efficiency for COD, NH3-N, Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, and Ni was 61, 63, 93, 93, 96.5, 51, and 86 %, respectively. The quadratic models for the parameters chosen were found to be significant with low probability (<0.001), except for NH3-N (0.004), Fe (0.0042), and Ni (0.0025). The study's results revealed the potential of utilizing date stones as a natural coagulant for the treatment of iron and steel industrial wastewater