Pesticide resistance in agricultural pests threatens global food security despite ongoing advancements in pesticide technology. This study addresses the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of resistance mechanisms and their ecological and economic implications. Through interdisciplinary methods spanning molecular biology, genetics, ecology, and socio-economics, our research aims to uncover the genetic basis of resistance, elucidate spread mechanisms within pest populations, and develop predictive models for resistant phenotypes. We also evaluate alternative pest management strategies like integrated pest management (IPM), biological control, and cultural practices to mitigate resistance impacts and promote sustainability. Key objectives include identifying genetic mutations linked to resistance, assessing ecological consequences, and analyzing socio-economic factors influencing farmers' pesticide decisions and adoption of alternative practices. By integrating data from these domains, our study aims to provide insights into resistance dynamics, informing evidence-based policies for sustainable pest management. Our methodology involves field studies in diverse agroecological zones, experimental design with various pest control treatments, and rigorous data collection on pest populations, crop performance, and environmental conditions. Statistical analyses and modeling techniques will be employed to interpret results and draw meaningful conclusions. Anticipated outcomes include a deeper understanding of resistance dynamics, effectiveness of alternative management strategies, and socio-economic factors influencing adoption. This research contributes to the development of effective, sustainable pest management strategies, crucial for addressing the challenge of pesticide resistance while ensuring food security, environmental conservation, and economic viability in agriculture.