Synthesis and adsorption capacity of biochar derived from Tamarindus indica shell for the removal of heavy metal

Tamarindus indica shell biochar is employed as an alternate adsorbent precursor for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. It investigated the Tamarindus indica shell biochar's capacity to absorb chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and Lead (Pb). This study showed the extensive explored how biosorption experimental limitations counting primary metal attentiveness, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and contact time affect the process. The complete analysis of the Tamarindus indica shell's adsorption capability with respect to chromium, copper, and nickel removal was conducted using a batch adsorption procedure. Determining the amount of heavy metal removal in the aqueous solution proceeded by Gas Chromatography (GC). The experimental data analyzed using the Yoon Nelson and Thomson models to regulate the equilibrium isotherms. The optimal parameters for the overall adsorption model were determined by using ANOVA. Investigate the adsorbent's surface area to determine the presence of heavy metal presents using SEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques. Each researched heavy metal's adsorption capability is listed below: Cr = 6.07 mg/L, Cu = 5.53 mg/L and Pb = 5.497mg/L with a removal percentage of 64%, 92% and 78%, respectively. The results showed that biochar generated from Tamarindus indica shells is an effective adsorbent for removing copper from aqueous solutions but not a viable biosorbent for removing chromium. Also, the regenerated column's adsorption capability was examined. The outcomes of the research demonstrated that bio-char, which produced from Tamarindus indica shell can be employed as an efficient and reasonably priced adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions.