This paper explores how physical education can serve as a practical setting for Education for Sustainable Development and help students develop as future active citizens. Drawing on Agenda 2030 and UNESCO’s Roadmap for Education for Sustainable Development, we argue that when physical education is designed with explicit sustainability aims, it can cultivate values and skills such as empathy, cooperation, and responsibility. The methodology is based on a documented narrative synthesis of recent empirical, review, and policy sources, following an explicit process of search, selection, and thematic analysis. It also considers the professional development that physical education teachers need to integrate Education for Sustainable Development purposefully and consistently in their teaching. Overall, the literature reviewed here points to the value of aligning sustainability goals with physical education, particularly for strengthening environmental awareness, social responsibility, and students’ willingness to engage in collective action.