The catalyst SDBS/C/Nd/TiO2 was synthesized by sol-gel method using TiO2 co-doped with C and Nd and anionic surfactant SDBS as template agent. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) and so on. Experimental results show that the crystal structure of the catalytic material is anatase type. Since doped elements change the energy band structure and electronic structure of TiO2, photogenerated electrons and holes can transition through the intermediate energy level, resulting in a decrease in the required excitation energy, thereby increasing the distance of its absorption edge moving toward the long wave direction, and meanwhile improving the utilization rate of visible light. The bandgap energy of the catalyst SDBS/C/Nd/TiO2 was 2.78 eV. Compared to pure TiO2 (3.1 eV), the band gap is reduced by 0.32eV. The photocatalytic experiments show that the degradation rate of the catalyst SDBS/C/Nd/TiO2 for methyl orange solution can reach 67%, and the catalytic performance is much improved than that of pure TiO2.