The goal of this paper is an investigation into the influence of disinfection with ozone, chlorine (Cl2) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on the aldehydes formation. Three types of waters were treated with different doses of these disinfectants. The results obtained indicate that the level of carbonyls...

The formation of chlorination by-products (CBPs) was investigated by bench-scale chlorination experiments with surface waters from different sources in Lesvos island, Greece. The main factors studied were organic matter content of water (expressed as UV-272 absorbance), time and chlorine dose. The...

The occurrence of THMs and HAAs, and other volatile organics in Istanbul (Turkey) and Salerno (Italy) surface water resources was investigated by the previous and present data obtained on raw, coagulated, pre-chlorinated, pre-ozonated water samples. The present drinking water directives/regulations...

Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are highly complex technical mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes with carbon-chain lengths from C10-C13 and chlorine content between 49 and 70%. They are produced by chlorination of n-alkanes and do not occur naturally. Because of their physical properties...

Chlorination of drinking water leads to the formation of a variety of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) that may have adverse health effects on humans. Research on this subject has been continued and new epidemiological and toxicological studies have been conducted. This review summarizes factors...

Chlorination disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed when water is chlorinated and the organic matter in the water reacts with chlorine to form these by-products. There have been concerns about the potential health effects of these by-products, including cancer and reproductive effects. Here we...

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are being used increasingly to predict water variables. This study offers an alternative approach to quantify the relationship between time of chlorination in potable water (due to convectional treatment procedure) and chlorination by-products concentration...

(NMEA) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) are highly mutagenic compounds that are suspected of carcinogenic activity to the human body. The aim of the paper is the evaluation of the possibility of N-nitrosomethylethylamine and N-nitrosodiethylamine formation as a result of the reaction of...

Speciation behavior of trihalomethanes formation in chlorinated waters due to the effects of bromide is mathematically modeled by a three-tier scheme. Equations for the mole fractions of the mono-, di-, and trihalo-intermediates at each tier level in terms of the initial bromide to chlorine molar...

The formation of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) in drinking water results from the reaction of chlorine or other disinfectants added to the water with naturally occurring organic materials, and has raised concerns during the last decades because these compounds are harmful for human health. During...

Chlorination has been the most widely used technology for the disinfection of drinking water around the world. The main purpose for the disinfection of drinking water is to protect it against microbial contamination in the distribution systems and to prevent or at least control re-growth of...

The effects of pH, NOM concentration, fractions and the chlorine dose on the formation and speciation of THMs and HAAs were determined in Altinapa Dam water (Konya/Turkey). Water sample was isolated and chlorinated at different TOC levels and pH’s. The isolate was fractioned; THM and HAA species...

The scope of this paper is the evaluation of wastewater reuse quality criteria and treatment specifications, appropriate to Greek conditions. The parameters that affect wastewater reuse criteria were taken into consideration, concerning among others reuse priorities, available treatment plants and...

The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the performance of Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) for the removal of individual trihalomethanes (THMs) from chlorinated drinking water, Athens, Greece. The pilot treatment facility was located at the Water Treatment Plant of EYDAP (Athens Water...

Chlorine was accepted as an effective disinfectant for drinking water in early 1900s. Because of chlorination, chlorine has dramatically reduced the incidence of waterborne diseases. An unwanted side effect is the formation of harmful by-products upon chlorination. The most significant group of...

Pollutants posing health risks to human health and to the aquatic environment often occur in drinking and surface waters, as a result of disinfection practices, agricultural and industrial activities, wastewater discharges. Toxic pollutants belong to different chemical categories, including...

Reactions between natural organic matter (NOM) and chlorine during disinfecting drinking water form trihalomethanes (THMs) and other chlorinated by products (CBPs), some of which are possible carcinogen to human health. A number of models have been developed to predict THMs formation since the...

Trihalomethanes are a major class of chlorination by-products in drinking water. They are formed when chlorine reacts with bromide (Br-) and natural organic matter (NOM) in source waters. Toxicology studies have shown all THMs to be carcinogenic or to cause adverse reproductive or developmental...

The effects of effluent from Thessaloniki, the second most populated Greek city, reclaimed either by activated sludge or by stabilization ponds, were studied on field-grown corn. The experimental layout was that of a split- plot design with six replications, three water qualities and two irrigation...

Laboratory-scale experiments were performed in order to examine the effect of microwave field on the effectiveness of KPEG method (nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atoms in a molecule of PCBs by alkaline polyethylene glycol PEG) in the removal of PCBs from highly contaminated mineral oils...

This paper discusses current issues with drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs), which include emerging (unregulated) DBPs that can be formed at greater levels with alternative disinfectants (as compared to chlorine) and routes of human exposure (which include inhalation and dermal exposure...