This study investigates the evolution of landscape patterns and the driving forces behind these changes in Zhuzhou City from 2000 to 2020, utilizing Landsat 5TM/8OLI remote sensing imagery and GIS tools. The main objective is to analyze the spatial and temporal dynamics of landscape types and identify the key factors influencing these changes. Five periods of Landsat images (2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020) were processed to generate distribution maps of landscape types. The Fragstats tool was used to calculate landscape pattern indices, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in SPSS was employed to identify the main driving factors.The results indicate significant changes in landscape patterns, particularly the rapid expansion of construction land and the decline of arable land. Construction land area grew at an annual rate of over 100%, contributing to a loss of arable land, which affected other landscape types such as woodland, grassland, and unused land. At the patch class level, landscape fragmentation increased, while connectivity deteriorated. Despite an overall increase in landscape richness, the degree of external disturbance has intensified.The principal driving forces behind these landscape changes include urban economic development, industrial structure shifts, and environmental climate factors. Population growth and the expansion of tertiary industries have significantly impacted the landscape, especially in the western urban areas. Infrastructure development has encroached on arable land, leading to further fragmentation. The study concludes that these findings provide valuable insights for urban and ecological planning in Zhuzhou City, highlighting the need for integrated land use strategies to mitigate fragmentation and support sustainable development.
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