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Estimation of changes in the Dead Sea surface water area through multiple water indices and geospatial techniques

  • Authors (legacy)
    Corresponding: Majed Mahmoud Ibrahim
    Co-authors: AI-Mashagbah A
    Ibrahim M
    Al-Fugara A

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  • gnest_04018_published.pdf
  • Paper ID
    gnest_04018
  • Paper status
    Published
  • Date paper submitted
  • Date paper accepted
  • Date paper online
DOI
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.004018
Graphical abstract
Abstract

The study calculated the changes in the Dead Sea surface area from 1984 to 2019. The satellite images of 1985, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2019 were classified by applying four different methods to estimate the changes in the Dead Sea surface water area. The methods included normalized difference water index (NDWI), modified normalized differences water index (MNDWI), automated water extraction Index (AWEI), and ISO cluster unsupervised classification. The results revealed a decrease of 76.63 sq. km area that accounts for an average of 11.27% sea area. The statistical model predicted that the Dead Sea surface area will shrink by half within the next 143 years, and the sea will be completely dried by 2305 if appropriate measures are not taken by decision-makers to avoid further reduction of the surface area.

Keywords
Water indices GIS Geospatial Dead Sea Jordan.
Cite this article
Ibrahim, M.M., AIMashagbah, A. and AlFugara, A. (2021) “Estimation of changes in the Dead Sea surface water area through multiple water indices and geospatial techniques”, Global NEST Journal, 23(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.004018.
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  • gnest_04018_published.pdf