Environmental and energy assessment of new vehicle technologies in the greater Athens area

The transport sector in Greece has the largest share in the final energy consumption and the
resulting emissions are one of the main sources of atmospheric pollution. This situation is worse in
the region of Attica, where nearly half of the country’s private cars circulate in an area equal to 3 %
of the total country area; the region’s climatic and geomorphological characteristics further aggravate
the environmental problem.
This paper examines energy saving and environmental impacts reduction from the penetration of
eco-friendly technology passenger cars in this region. Three vehicle technologies are considered: (i)
conventional hybrid electric vehicles, (ii) battery electric vehicles and (iii) fuel cell electric vehicles.
The influence of the driving cycle is examined through the comparison of two different cycles, the
New European Driving Cycle (a regulatory driving cycle) and the Athens Driving Cycle, based on
actual driving data.
Two alternative scenarios are formulated. The first involves the substitution of all the passenger cars
that were registered during the last year (2010) with hybrid and battery electric vehicles that already
exist in the Greek market. The second scenario examines the penetration of fuel cell electric
vehicles. Both scenarios are evaluated on the basis of their expected energy savings and
greenhouse gas emissions reduction. A 7.5 % to 9 % reduction of the CO2 emissions is expected,
for the Athens Driving Cycle, if these measures are applied in a five year period.