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Open Access | Accepted manuscript on March 28, 2026

Treatment of real dye bath washing wastewater using different treatment processes

Abstract

In this study, the real dye bath washing wastewater (DBWW) treatment using coagulation-flocculation, Fenton, and adsorption processes was investigated. The suitable pH and coagulant dose were researched using AlCl₃, FeCl₃, and PACl for the coagulation-flocculation process.The Fenton process was used to estimate optimum pH, oxidation time, and Fe2+ and H2O2. The optimum pH and adsorbent dose for activated carbon derived from coal and coconuts throughout the adsorption process were researched. COD removal efficiency followed the order PACl > AlCl3 > FeCl3, while color removal efficiency followed the order AlCl3 > PACl > FeCl3 in the coagulation-flocculation process. COD and color removals of 60.9% and 79.2% were reached at pH 6 and 600 mg/L PACl dose, respectively. 64.0% COD and 98.8% color removal were found at pH 3, 350 and 500 mg/L Fe2+ and H2O2 for Fenton process. Higher removal efficiencies were achieved using activated carbon obtained from coconut compared to activated carbon obtained from coal in the adsorption process. 69.7% COD and 76.3% color removal were obtained at pH 2, 10 g/L activated carbon dose and 1 h adsorption time. As a result, even though high COD removal was established in dye bath washing wastewater treatment employing three treatment methods, Fenton process produced high color removal

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Keywords
color, COD, Dye bath washing wastewater, Fenton, treatment