This study investigates the Anthropogenic Influence and Climate Change: Water and Nutrient Dynamics in the Kebir-Rhumel Basin in Northeastern Algeria. Utilizing an advanced methodology and integrating 10 physicochemical variables, this research provides a novel insight into the environmental factors shaping the basin's ecosystem. By employing a PCA analysis, it highlights two distinct factors accounting for 80.90% of the total variance and identifies a strong positive correlation between various variables, particularly NH4+ and PO43-. Two contrasting river areas were noted: Oued Radjas and Oued Rhumel rivers, displaying evidence of anthropogenic activities, and Oued Kebir and Oued El-Kotone rivers, indicative of pristine conditions. Seasonal fluctuations were noted in atmospheric temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind speed, as well as in physical parameters and nutrient concentrations of surface water, revealing new details about the potential impact of human activities on water quality and ecosystem health. The findings here are not only significant in understanding the dynamics of water quality but also crucial in devising effective management strategies. High EC and TDS values in the Oued Radjas River point to anthropogenic pollution, and high nitrogen nutrient concentrations in the Oued El-Kotonne River hint at potential eutrophication. The study underscores the importance of understanding the interplay between human activities and natural processes in managing water resources and ecosystems. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by shedding light on specific aspects of water quality in the region, paving the way for more focused investigations and policy interventions for sustainable development.