A major factor in the development of modern environmental engineering is the necessity of treating water pollutants. The effective removal of metallic ions of wastewater systems, using adsorption techniques, different adsorbents have been widely utilized; among these adsorbents, polymer-based composites have garnered a lot of interest due to their characteristics of environmental harmlessness and degradability. By combining the best features of both polymer and nanocomposites can offer improved chemical, physical, mechanical, and compatibility over single polymers. The review underscores the importance of polymer-based nanocomposites in offering inventive wastewater treatment methods. A thorough examination of current research and obstacles in the field of developing nanotechnology highlights these materials' ability to address the intricate problem of heavy metal ion contamination. The removal of heavy metal ions from various wastewater sources can be accomplished sustainably and effectively by integrating nanocomposites, with an emphasis on their design and manufacture. The investigation of new advances in polymer nanocomposites for the removal of heavy metal ions lays the groundwork for further study and creativity in this crucial area of environmental engineering. Using the adaptability of polymers and the special qualities of nanomaterials, this strategy develops cutting-edge solutions to deal with the intricate problems brought on by heavy metal ion pollution. Through a focus on accuracy in the design and manufacturing of these nanocomposites, scientists and industry professionals can create materials that are specialised, effective, and can make a substantial contribution to the development of wastewater treatment systems. The purpose of this research is recent analyses and challenges in the field of nanotechnology development. The data presented in this analysis will be helpful for future efforts to design and produce polymer-based Nanocomposites for the removal of a wide range of heavy metal ions