All

Every year, the number of people who die because of pollution rises, with air pollution being the major cause. Air pollution is generated by a variety of factors, one of which is pollution caused by automobiles. Technological improvements make great efforts to detect accidents and monitor the increasing pollution. In this paper, a novel Internet of Things-based Vehicle Gas Emission Monitoring System (IoT-VGEMS) to monitor and control the reduction of gas emissions. The overall work is categorized into two sections: One is Transmission Part, and the other is receiving part. The Transmitting Part consists of Arduino UNO, MQ-135 Sensor, and nRF24L01 transmitter. The Receiving Part consists of Arduino UNO, LCD Display, GSM, and nRF24L01 receiver. Initially, creating code to sense the data from the MQ-135 sensor to the Arduino UNO and store the data in Arduino 1 is fetched to transfer with the help of the nRF24L01 module. Using an Arduino UNO to interface with a GSM module. GSM module that would deliver the warning and intimation messages to the vehicle owner and display them on LCD. Finally, GSM can able to send a message to the respective user if the pollution level exceeds the threshold. Hence the message from our device will give information about the emission and the user could rectify it. Few people will not take any action even if they receive a warning from transport officials, they will be penalized further.

In terms of sustainable land use management, it is extremely important to reveal the land conditions and the changes that occur on the land in certain periods. In this study, using CORINE data for Düzce province, land use status and transitions between land-use classes over 28 years were investigated. In addition, changes in carbon storage in above-ground biomass were determined for each land-use and land transition using Landsat satellite images for the years 1990 and 2018. 28 years, artificial surfaces increased from 3,852 hectares to 9,058 hectares. While agricultural areas increased by 11.5% to 114,650 hectares, forest and semi-natural areas decreased by 14% to 122,955 hectares. 96.7% of the increase in agricultural areas was land converted from forest areas. While the amount of carbon stored in the forest and semi-natural areas increased by 27.9%, it increased by 30.5% in agricultural areas. With land transitions, 17.8% of the total carbon (14,407 tons) was transferred from one land use to another. In terms of annual land-use change rate between 1990 and 2018, the highest rate of land-use change was in the post-earthquake 2000-2006 period. The information in this study will make important contributions to policymakers in land management and planning.

To assess the indoor air quality an investigation was conducted in Lucknow from November 2014 to October 2015. In total seven pollutants viz. SO2, NO2, CO2, CO, NH3, H2S, PM10 and PM2.5 were assessed in five urban and five rural houses. House selection was done after questionnaire survey with respiratory patients in two medical colleges. The average concentrations of PM10 (280 and 315 µg m-3) and PM2.5 (185 and 210 µg m-3) were highest in winter season. Excessive consumption of crude fuel to combat cold conditions was associated with high particulate concentrations in rural houses. Smoking was a common habit recognized indoors. Skin irritation was common during rainy season whereas complaints of cataract, cough and sneezing were prevalent in winters. Air quality index was calculated using three different methods and was poorest in winter season in rural houses particularly with values 716.1, 457.0 and 7.427 as calculated.

Biosorption of hexavalent chromium ions from the synthetic solution was performed using activated Ziziphus jujube seeds powder as an adsorbent material. A chemical synthesis process prepared the adsorbent, and various methods have evaluated its characteristics. FTIR, SEM and EDX analysis was conducted to check the ability of hexavalent chromium uptake from the synthetic solutions. Batch mode of adsorption process was performed and the adsorption parameters of pH, concentration, dose, contact time and temperature were found in various operating conditions. The entire adsorption process was evaluated by isotherm and kinetic models to check the nature of the adsorption process and its chemical reactions. Thermodynamic studies were conducted, desorption studies were used to recover the spent adsorbent using concentrated hydrochloric acid.