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Catechol is a highly toxic phenolic organic compound used in various industries such as refineries, toxics, dyes and plastics. When this compound enters the environment, it can have negative effects on human health and the ecosystem. In this study-removed pyrocatechol from aqueous solutions using a sonocatalytic process using magnesium oxide nanoparticles. The study was conducted on a laboratory scale and the effects of pH, catalyst dose, initial concentration and reaction time under 130-kHz ultrasonic waves on the sonocatalytic degradation of pyrocatechol were investigated. The maximum process efficiency under optimal conditions (i.e. pyrocatechol concentration of 25 mg / l, pH = 3, nanoparticle dose of 500 mg / l after a contact time of 60 min) was 92%. The results showed that this process follows first order pseudokinetics. The results show that the sonocatalytic process in the presence of magnesium oxide nanoparticles has a high efficiency in removing catechol from aqueous solutions

An economic system focused on low energy usage, low pollution, and low emission is known as a "low-carbon economy". The concept of environmentally friendly and low-carbon food packaging architecture directs practice growth and reform in accordance with the customer's green psychology. As the primary benchmark for packaging concerned with designing practices, it uses the green conceptual design of contemporary eco-environmental preservation and other meaningful reforms. It is significant need to mix people's developed green psychology with this issue in order to discover a solution for green packaging design. The design and use of eco-friendly and low-carbon food packaging is covered in this research. With the implementation of wireless sensor network (WSN) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique, it accomplishes the fusion of market and ecologically responsible design, enhances production effectiveness and product usage. The confidence weight information choice technique is used to determine the type of smart energy-saving packaging, and the fundamental element is that the energy usage vector is formed by an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Packaging makers must reevaluate how design and the environment interact, eliminate packaging design pollutants, make environmental protection their top concern, and develop a design idea that complies with ecological ethics for the long-term profit of human survival. Environment, politics, economy, and social factors all play a role in how the food system functions and are influenced by them. Compared to traditional techniques for monitoring the environment We use wireless sensor networks to keep an eye on the agricultural environment because they have three key benefits: (1) There is no need to lay wire; (2) the system is only implemented once; (3) the nodes are dense; (4) collected data has good precision; and (5) sensor nodes with a specific calculation and storage capacity, enabling collaboration among nodes, are perfect for unsupervised monitoring system. The incorporation and handling of product packaging data is made possible by smart packaging technology, which is essential in the creation of low-carbon food packaging and helps

Searching for low cost, accessible, simple implementation, and environmentally friendly adsorbents has been one of the concern of researchers in recent years. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficient phenol removal from a synthetic aqueous solution using iron-coated pumice and LECA as an available adsorbents. Bath adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of the independent variables such as pH (3-5-7-9-11), initial concentration of phenol (10-50mg/L), contact time (10-60 min) and different concentrations of pumice and LECA (0.2-1 g/100 cc) on the phenol adsorption. The results of the experiments showed that there was a direct relationship between the phenol removal efficiency and increasing the contact time and the adsorbent dosage but it has reverse relationship with the increasing of pH and phenol initial concentration. The optimal condition of parameters for phenol removal were 200 rpm agitation speed, 0.6 g adsorbent dosage, 30 min contact time, and 20 mg/L initial phenol concentration. The study of isotherm and kinetic models showed that the experimental data of the phenol adsorption process were correlated with Freundlich (R2pumice=0.9749, R2LECA=0.9487) and Pseudo-second order (R2pumice=0.9745, R2LECA=0.9486) models. Based on this study’s results, the modified pumice and LECA have a high ability to remove the phenol compounds from aqueous solution.

Tungsten (W) is an emerging contaminant because of its potential toxicity to humans, and biochar (BC) is widely used for soil heavy metal remediation. However, W-biochar-plant interactions remain unknown. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of rice-husk BC on W uptake by lettuce. Different levels of BC (0%, 1%, 2% and 5% w/w) were incorporated into the soil and incubated for 60 days. The result shows that BC application immobilized W in soil, and transformed acid extractable fraction and reducible fraction to residual fraction with unstudied mechanism. Meanwhile, BC application increased the shoot height, root length, biomass, and chlorophyll of lettuce compared with control treatment. As compared to control, the accumulation of W in shoot and root was decreased, and the lowest translocation factor (root to shoot) was observed in 5% BC treatment. The results suggested that the main profit of BC to reduce mobilizing of W to proximal water. Besides, the application of BC was effective in W immobilization and reducing uptake to lettuce.