Global NEST Journal

ISSN:

Print ISSN: 1790-7632

Electronic ISSN: 2241-777X

Issue 2

Volume number:

21

Publication year:

2019

Publication month:

March

The manuscript Radha M. and Kanmani S. (2017), Evaluation of paper recycling wastewater treatment accompanied by power generation using a microbial fuel cell, Global NEST Journal, 19(4), 682-686 (https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.001925) has been retracted after the authors' request.

Articles

Efficient phenol removal from aqueous solution using iron-coated pumice and leca as an available adsorbents: evalution of kinetics and isotherm studies

Shokoohi R., Torkshavand Z., Bajalan S., Zolghadnasab H. and Khodayari Z., Pages:91-97

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002783

Paper Topic:

Water and Wastewater Treatment

Issue:

Issue 2

Get Full Paper

Abstract

Searching for low cost, accessible, simple implementation, and environmentally friendly adsorbents has been one of the concern of researchers in recent years. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficient phenol removal from a synthetic aqueous solution using iron-coated pumice and LECA as an available adsorbents. Bath adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of the independent variables such as pH (3-5-7-9-11), initial concentration of phenol (10-50mg/L), contact time (10-60 min) and different concentrations of pumice and LECA (0.2-1 g/100 cc) on the phenol adsorption. The results of the experiments showed that there was a direct relationship between the phenol removal efficiency and increasing the contact time and the adsorbent dosage but it has reverse relationship with the increasing of pH and phenol initial concentration. The optimal condition of parameters for phenol removal were 200 rpm agitation speed, 0.6 g adsorbent dosage, 30 min contact time, and 20 mg/L initial phenol concentration. The study of isotherm and kinetic models showed that the experimental data of the phenol adsorption process were correlated with Freundlich (R2pumice=0.9749, R2LECA=0.9487) and Pseudo-second order (R2pumice=0.9745, R2LECA=0.9486) models. Based on this study’s results, the modified pumice and LECA have a high ability to remove the phenol compounds from aqueous solution.

Removal of Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater by Sonolysis, Photocatalysis and Ozonation

Fraiese A., Naddeo V., Uyguner-Demirel C.S., Prado M., Cesaro A., Zarra T., Liu H., Belgiorno V. and Ballesteros Jr.F., Pages:98-105

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002625

Paper Topic:

Water and Wastewater Treatment

Issue:

Issue 2

Get Full Paper

Abstract

Three different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were applied to investigate the removal of emerging contaminants (ECs) i.e. sulfamethoxazole (SMX), diclofenac (DCF) and carbamazepine (CBZ) in synthetically prepared solutions. The degradation of these substances was carried out by ozonation, sonolysis and photocatalytic oxidation, as well as by different combinations of these processes. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the removal efficiency in each AOP and to assess the performance variation of sonolysis in combination with other AOPs. The best performances were achieved by sonocatalysis, which resulted in the removal of the selected pharmaceuticals in the range between 37% and 47%. Under similar experimental conditions, the removal of the selected ECs by single compounds by ozonation was slightly lower than the removal of respective compounds in the mixture. Moreover, pseudo first-order removal rate constants of photocatalytic mineralization were determined as 9.33×10-2, 4.90×10-3, 1.06×10-2 min-1 for SMX, DCF and CBZ, respectively.

Investigation of electrochemical color removal from Organized Industrial District (OID) wastewater treatment plants using new generation Sn/Sb/Ni-Ti anodes

Yonar T., Shakir F., Kurt A., Pages:106-112

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002696

Paper Topic:

Water and Wastewater Treatment

Issue:

Issue 2

Get Full Paper

Abstract

In this study, the application of Sn/Sb/Ni-Ti electrodes for the treatment of waste streams were investigated which is promising for ozone production by electrolysis of water because of their stability and high potential for ozone evolution reaction. These series of anodes have a high electrochemical ozone generation potential at ambient conditions (approximately up to 40% current efficiency). But using and testing of these novel anodes for real wastewater are too limited in the literature. Titanium mesh substrate coated with Sn/Sb/Ni-Ti alloy was used as anode immersed in wastewater at room temperature with platinized titanium cathode. These electrodes used for COD and color removal from OID wastewater in Inegol, Bursa, Turkey. Five operational parameters were evaluated for electrochemical COD and color removal processes, such as pH, salt content, applied voltage/current, current efficiency and contact time. Experimental results showed that after 30 min the electrochemical oxidation efficiency of COD and color could reach up to 98% and 99% respectively at pH 8.2 and temperature of 25°C as the optimum conditions. Current density observed as the most effective parameter for COD and color removal efficiencies. The lowest energy consumption was between 10-25 mA cm-2 of current density with only 0.6 kWh gCOD−1, while the highest energy consumption was 100 mA cm-2 of current density with 9.12 kWh gCOD−1 . The optimum current density value has been found as 50 mA cm-2 with 4.05 kWh gCOD−1 . These results were also supported with ANOVA test.

Evaluation of atmospheric concentrations of dl-PCBs comparing to PCDD/F compounds in Istanbul, Turkey

Gunes G., Saral A., Pages:113-123

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002921

Paper Topic:

CEST

Issue:

Issue 2

Get Full Paper

Abstract

In this study, the seasonal variation of atmospheric concentrations of PCDD/F and Dl-PCB and the effect of meteorological factors on concentration were investigated. Ambient air samples were collected monthly between May 2011 and October 2013 by using high volume samplers. Based on these samples, average PCDD/F and dl-PCB concentrations were obtained as 1482 fg/m3 and 4983 fg/m3 respectively. PCDD/F congeners did show seasonal variations. 58% share in total PCDD/Fs belongs to winter season while 4% to summer season. No significant seasonal change has been observed for dl-PCBs. 92% (1397 fg/m3) of PCDD/Fs were detected in particulate phase while 20% (926 fg/m3) of dl-PCBs were found in particulate phase. Strong negative correlations were obtained between all homolog groups and T, UV, SR. Correlation between five-chlorinated dl-PCBs, the most abandoned homolog group, with T, UV and SR generated positive meaningful correlation. No meaningful correlations were observed with other parameters. Correlations with particle phase were found to be more meaningful compared to gas phase for both PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs.

An investigation on the characterization of activated carbon from areca leaves and their adsorption nature towards different dyes

Basrur D., Bhat J. I., Pages:124-130

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002877

Paper Topic:

Environmental Sciences

Issue:

Issue 2

Get Full Paper

Abstract

In this study activated carbon is produced from areca plant leaves, an agricultural waste material. The physical and chemical structural characterisation of the prepared carbon was carried out by FTIR, TGA and XRD analysis. FTIR study showed the presence of several functional groups, such as C=O, C=C, OH, NH on the surface of the activated carbon. To determine the adsorption efficiency, studies were carried out using cationic and anionic dyes and it was found to be dependent on contact time, temperature and concentration of the solution. The experimental data obtained were correlated with the Langmuir, Freundlich isotherm model. Kinetic data were obtained using second order rate equation. Probable mechanism of adsorption process with the dyes was analysed. As the prepared carbon is cost efficient, abundant and has high uptake capacity, it can be used as an adsorbent for fresh water or waste water treatment. It could be considered as promising material for the removal of dyes.

Composition and production rate of cytostatic pharmaceutical waste from a Greek Cancer Treatment Hospital

Kermenidou M., Voudrias E.A., Konstantoula A.C, Pages:131-140

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002889

Paper Topic:

Hazardous Substances and Risk Analysis

Issue:

Issue 2

Get Full Paper

Abstract

The objective of this work was to determine the composition and production rate of cytostatic pharmaceutical waste produced by Theagenion Cancer Treatment Hospital (TCTH) in Thessaloniki, Greece. This information is necessary for the design and costing of management systems for cytostatic pharmaceutical waste, for assessing their environmental impact and for health and safety considerations. A total of 826 kg cytostatic pharmaceutical waste was collected, manually separated and weighed over a period of ten working weeks. Total cytostatic pharmaceutical waste was classified in three categories, vial waste comprising 38.3%, syringe waste with 4.5% and intravenous therapy (IV) waste with 57.2% of the total. Vial waste only was classified according to the active ingredients in alkylating agents, antimetabolites, cytotoxic antibiotics, Vinca alkaloids and “other” antineoplastic drugs. The overall cytostatic waste production by the hospital was 22900(6955) g/d, with numbers in parenthesis representing standard deviations. The average unit production rates of total cytostatic pharmaceutical waste were 140(64) g/patient/d and 201(61) g/bed/d. The respective unit production rates were: (1) for vial waste 41(11) g/patient/d and 77(46) g/bed/d, (2) for syringe waste 5(1.5) g/patient/d and 9(5) g/bed/d and (3) for IV waste 94(63) g/patient/d and 115(43) g/bed/d.

Impact of urbanization on climate change and geographical analysis of physical land use land cover variation using RS-GIS.

Jeykumar R.K.C., Chandran S. , Pages:141-152

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002701

Paper Topic:

Hydrology and water resources

Issue:

Issue 2

Get Full Paper

Abstract

This study focuses on the impact of climate change on rainfall-runoff pattern, and to assess the surface runoff and groundwater recharge potential from the intensified rainfall for the effective management of surface and groundwater resources in Tirunelveli city. The rainfall contribution is consistent, dependent, maximum and intensified during the month of November followed by October and December. The intensified rainfall in these months causes a temperature decrease and the climate becomes more and more colder than ever. The indices SPI and DI clear show that there is a change in climatic pattern. Landuse Landcover (LULC) analysis shows that the residential area and mining area is on the increasing trend, Village area is slightly increasing, agricultural area and dense scrub area is on the decreasing trend. The present capacity of the storage tanks available in Tirunelveli city is less than the maximum runoff generated during the month of November. The increase in residential area in LULC reflects the direct linear relation with the population increase of the city. The impact of urbanization leads to LULC change with the loss of agricultural land and water bodies.

Investigation of Solid Waste Characteristics in Field-Scale Landfill Test Cells

Top S., Sekman E., Akkaya G.K., Demir A., Yıldız Ş., Balahorli V., Aykut N.O. and Bilgili M.S., Pages:153-162

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002982

Paper Topic:

Solid Waste Management

Issue:

Issue 2

Get Full Paper

Abstract

This paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out in field-scale test cells in order to determine the effect of aeration and leachate recirculation on waste decomposition rate, solid waste characteristics, landfill gas composition and settlement in the landfill body. Four landfill test cells with the dimensions of 20 m x 40 m x 5 m were constructed in Komurcuoda Sanitary Landfill, Istanbul. Solid wastes representing Istanbul Asian side waste characteristics were landfilled in the test cells and they were operated simulating anaerobic (AN1), leachate recirculated anaerobic (AN2), semi-aerobic (A1) and aerobic landfilling (A2) methods. Alternative landfilling methods for accelerating solid waste stabilization in landfills were investigated by means of solid waste characteristics (elemental analysis, pH, moisture content, TOC, TKN, C/N ratio, volatile solid content (VS), biochemical methane potential (BMP), and stability index (SI) analysis), landfill gas components (CH4, CO2, O2, and H2S), temperature variations in landfill body, and landfill settlement. The study indicated that aeration and leachate recirculation accelerate biodegradation rate. Higher rates of MSW biodegradation eventually provide reduction in the contaminant life span of the landfill by achieving a high waste volume reduction in a relatively short duration than anaerobic test cells, decrease the cost of long term monitoring incurred with post-closure of landfill sites. In case of impossibility of aerobic landfilling based on the results of the cost benefit analysis, it was stated out that semi-aerobic landfilling technology is also a viable method in shortening the stabilization time and accelerating the landfill gas production.

Water Quality Monitoring with Emphasis on Estimation of Point and Diffuse Pollution Sources

Albek E.A., Göncü S., Uygun B.Ş., Albek M., Avdan Z.Y., Güngör Ö., Pages:163-171

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002911

Paper Topic:

Water Quality

Issue:

Issue 2

Get Full Paper

Abstract

Population growth, urbanization and anthropogenic activities are becoming a serious problem for water resources in Turkey, which necessitates their monitoring and maintenance of water quality. In this study, water quality was implemented in the Porsuk Stream in Inner Anatolia, Turkey. Water samples were collected at monthly intervals between the period of 2008-2010 at four selected stations. Twenty one water quality parameters were measured which are water temperature (T), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, turbidity, chloride, suspended solids, dissolved solids, organic nitrogen (Org-N), ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), total organic carbon, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total coliform, alkalinity, orthophosphate phosphorus (PO43--P), total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. The monitoring was conducted to see how the water quality changed along the stream in response to various anthropogenic activities. Besides, a paired t-test was utilized to determine the concentration differences at stations above and below the single most important point source of pollutants (Eskişehir city). Moreover, a regression model was used to establish relations between water quality parameters and flow and to estimate nonpoint source loadings.

Supercritical water oxidation of octol – containing wastewater

Gurbulak E., Yuksel E., Tekbas M., Doruk T., Eyvaz M., Bektas N., Pages:172-179

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002776

Paper Topic:

Water and Wastewater Treatment

Issue:

Issue 2

Get Full Paper

Abstract

This study investigated optimum operating conditions of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) for octol and compared the degradation of its components TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) and HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7- tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, octogen) under the same conditions. Pilot scale experiments were conducted at various temperatures, reaction times and oxidant amounts. Removal efficiency, by-product analysis and toxicity tests were selected as the performance criteria for the SCWO. Optimum conditions were determined as a temperature of 500 C, 120 s of oxidation time and an oxidant ratio of 150%. Removal of octol was achieved at a rate of 99.99%, while TNT and HMX were removed individually at a rate of ~85% when they existed in the wastewater. No toxicity was observed at the end of the octol oxidation, whereas toxicity was found in the TNT and HMX oxidation due to the formation of TNT isomer and aniline. Higher initial organic material concentrations promoted the removal rates. These results demonstrated that SCWO can be effectively used for the degradation of ammunition wastewater even when concentrations are high.

You are here

Global NEST Journal

Issue 2

Articles

Pages

Share Global NEST

Follow us