All

This study's two primary goals are to synthesize bioethanol from biowaste and examine its thermal characteristics. Bioethanol must first undergo a comprehensive assessment of its thermal characteristics in order to be approved for usage in spark-ignition engines. A multi-step procedure comprising extraction, pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation was used to manufacture the bioethanol. The raw material was put through a preliminary screening using thermogravimetric analysis to find the mass loss rate as a function of temperature before to starting this process. Remarkably, the Manila tamarind leaves exhibited the highest mass loss, up to 34%. Enzymatic cellulose conversion to fermentable sugars was a critical step in the production of cellulosic ethanol. Following hydrolysis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was employed in the fermentation process, leading to the bioethanol synthesis phase. The Manila Tamarind leaves yielded the most, around 29% by weight, which is amazing. In order to assess the thermal properties of the extracted ethanol, a variety of parameters were carefully examined, including the viscosity, density, cetane number, and calorific value. In each of these areas, mixtures of tire oil, gasoline, and bioethanol consistently outperformed the others. Furthermore, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry spectra were utilized to validate the concentrations of potential groups, including alcohol, aromatic, alkyne, amide, and carbonyl groups. Clear objectives guide the fermentation process, aiming for consistent quality, safety, and functionality in the end product.

Bricks have been extensively adopted for centuries and continue to play a vital role in the construction industry. Nevertheless of its dependable workability and accessibility, fired clay brick production has been recognized for its comparatively high energy and resource requirements. Traditional clay bricks, widely used in construction for centuries, pose significant environmental challenges. The extraction of clay for brick production can result in habitat destruction and landscape alteration. The firing process in brick kilns consumes substantial amounts of energy, often derived from non-renewable sources, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. The development of sustainable masonry solid blocks signifies a revolutionary change in the construction sector, providing a sustainable substitute for conventional building materials. These blocks, typically made from reused or locally obtained materials, demonstrate a dedication to environmental stewardship and the efficient use of resources. This innovative idea of utilizing some industrial waste such as fly ash, bagasse ash, marble dust and stone dust in solid block manufacture significantly reduces the environmental pollution problem, offers an alternative construction material source, and makes the solid blocks economical. Different types of trail mixes have been developed, and the produced masonry solid blocks underwent a series of experimental investigations. The solid bricks are being compared to conventional cement blocks. The developed sustainable solid block (MB6) exhibits a strength that is 43.78% greater than that of conventional cement solid blocks. The present study attempts to determine the optimal material proportion for innovative solid block production. Key words: Carbon footprint, Eco-friendly building blocks, Bagasse ash, Marble dust and Industrial waste

The infrastructure of the country heavily depends on the construction material concrete. The primary ingredient in conventional concrete is cement, fly ash, or another cementitious substance. The need to explore alternative sources is driven by the challenges posed by global environmental warming, which stems from widespread factors, and the escalating costs associated with the extraction of cement from quarries. To replace cement, sand, and aggregate, numerous research investigations have been conducted. The Prosopis Juliflora Ash (PJA) as an additional cementitious component in cement mortar and concrete are examined in this experimental study. The amount of cement produced in the nation will decrease if Prosopis Juliflora (PJ) ash is used as an additional substitute. It will also encourage the use of sustainable materials for concrete and mortar. The objective of this research is to investigate the impact of incorporating PJA as a binding agent on the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of both concrete and cement mortar. In this research, Prosopis Juliflora Ash (commonly known as Seemaikaruvelam) was employed to substitute cement in both cement mortar and concrete, with varying proportions of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%.According to the results of this experiment, 30% of PJA has the requisite strength qualities. This experimental investigation provides valuable insights into the mechanical characteristics of concrete and mortar incorporating PJ ash and emphasizes its potential as a sustainable alternative in the construction industry.