This study employed a simple hydrothermal (HT) approach to synthesize vanadium pentoxide (V 2O 5) nanomaterials. The inherent limitations of V 2O 5, including low quantum efficiency and insufficient light sensitivity, restrict its potential for enhanced photocatalytic activity. The study...

In response to the growing demand for eco-friendly and efficient catalysts in wastewater treatment, this study introduces a novel, biosynthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNP) using leaf extract from Lawsonia inermis, a widely available plant. We employed a unique concentration mixture of 0.015 mg/mL...