The infrastructure of the country heavily depends on the construction material concrete. The primary ingredient in conventional concrete is cement, fly ash, or another cementitious substance. The need to explore alternative sources is driven by the challenges posed by global environmental warming...

Concrete is the broadly adopted composite material in the construction arena. The growing need for cost-effective housing is resulting in the depletion of environmental resources such as river sand and gravel, which are essential components in the manufacture of concrete. However, the manufacturing...