The management of water pollution has been one of the main problems as people pay more and more attention in the current society to the preservation and repair of the natural environment. In this paper, natural montmorillonite was modified with starch as well as lanthanum chloride. The removal...

The fastest growing waste stream of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) is not only a threat to our environment, but is also creating a supply risk of certain rare earth metals (REMs) and critical metals (CMs). Despite the fact that Directive 2012/19/EU encourages the prevention of WEEE...

The circular economy approach represents a strategy to optimize product lifecycles, thus improving the sustainability of consumption patterns. In the European Union a recent legislative proposal has addressed this concept by promoting waste prevention and re-use as well as extensive recovery of...

Metals are essential elements in the modern technology as they are widely used for several industrial applications such as the manufacturing of electronic devices. Besides common metals, such as copper, iron and aluminium, electronic appliances can contain precious metals as well as metals defined...

WEEE is a fast-growing waste stream that includes potentially hazardous substances, but also valuable secondary raw materials, which can be recovered by adequate recycling and recovery treatment. In the last years, the research interest has moved from the conventional recycling (recovery of ferrous...

Biomining is the common term used to define processes that utilize biological systems to facilitate the extraction of metals from ores. Nowadays, a biomining concept can be defined as a two stage combined biological systems (1st stage bioleaching and 2nd stage biosorption) in order to perform the...