Global NEST Journal

Trees in the forest are an unprecedented cluster of organisms in ecological, monetary and social importance. With a wide distribution, mostly random spread over and a large population in terms of size, the majority of tree species show considerable variation in genetics both within and between populations. The genus Phytophthora, is a most destructive plant pathogen and attacks a wide range of tree hosts, including inexpensively its significant species. Many species of Phytophthora are known to be persistent and brought in through nurseries and commercial agriculture. Diseases from various eucalyptus tree species were first reported in India and the symptoms, incidence and leaf damage have been described. As an observation of a larger project to use genomic data for tree disease diagnosis, pathogen detection and surveillance, in this study the significant analysis of various DNA sequences of P.meadii 2 on eucalyptus tree species in Indian Forests. The identified outcomes observed that the high frequency of nucleotides and their combinations found in the organisms in trees threatening their lives may be observed and has to be condensed

This research describes the bacteriological and physicochemical impact of two types of irrigation water on soil and turfgrass quality during 2018 and 2019. Wastewater treated by an activated sludge process coupled with UV disinfection UV-TW was compared to fresh water FW. The first cycle (2018) was devoted to monitoring soil and turfgrass irrigated by FW, and the second cycle (2019) for UV-TW. Our results showed that the mean concentration of fecal indicators of treated wastewater UV-TW is about 2.17, 1.74, 1.77, and 1.52 log10 CFU/100ml for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, E. coli and cecal enterococci, respectively. The physicochemical characteristics showed no significant difference between soil irrigated with UV-TW and soil irrigated with FW except for pH and electrical conductivity. No significant difference was recorded comparing the fecal contamination of soil and turfgrass between the two irrigation cycles, except for fecal coliforms. Overall, the outputs of this work reported that the irrigation with UV-TW presents advantages not only on the quality of the soil and the vegetation, but also on the management of water scarcity. Thus, a highly controlled process of treatment and irrigation must be conducted to assure a safe hydric resource and to avoid any potential risk to human health.

Water treatment ecosystem provides important habitats for various bacterial communities, but the response mechanism of this ecosystem under ultraviolet rays is not yet clear. For this reason, 16S rRNA gene sequencing is used to study the bacterial community structure and metabolic pathways under ultraviolet irradiation. Studies have shown that the bacterial communities under different ultraviolet irradiation are different, which indicates that the time of ultraviolet irradiation has an impact on the structure of bacterial communities. Analysis of driving factors shows that COD, pH, TN and NH3-N also have an impact on the relative abundance of key species. Key species under ultraviolet irradiation are Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Chlamydiae, accounting for 96.69%～98.30%, and ultraviolet irradiation has a significant inhibitory effect on the relative abundance of the key species. As the dominant bacterial phyla in Plateau environment, Chlamydiae is discovered for the first time. The network co-occurrence diagrams constructed under different ultraviolet radiation show that each sample is composed of three independent network diagrams. There are 6 common dominant phyla and 33 common dominant bacterial genera in each sample, which reveals that the structure of the ecosystem is composed of more similar microorganisms, rather than random phenomena. It also reflects the competitive relationship between species and the adaptability of bacteria to the environment. Through the analysis of metabolic pathways, it is found that the dominant metabolic pathways in Plateau environment have certain changes under ultraviolet radiation. Further analysis of metabolic pathways of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus shows that the relative abundance of related metabolic pathways has a certain change, but the difference in metabolic diagram is small, that is, the effect of ultraviolet radiation is mainly reflected in the relative abundance of metabolic pathways. These findings indicate that ultraviolet radiation in Plateau environment as an important influencing factor has an impact on microbial structure and metabolic pathways. This research provides an important theoretical basis for further understanding of water treatment ecosystem in Plateau environment, and also provides a new perspective for research on sewage treatment systems.

Several chemical coagulants previously utilize for wastewater treatment with significant performance in removing heavy metals and other parameters. However, their cost effective and the residual of toxic chemical precipitates that pose problems to human health and the environment. Therefore, using plant-based natural coagulants is considered as an alternative technique which is non-toxic, biodegradable and environmentally friendly. This research aims to explore the performance of date stones as a natural coagulant in iron and steel plant wastewater treatment and to optimize the operating parameters to assess the feasibility of using date stones in the wastewater treatment sector. Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a statistical experimental design, was used to improve the COD, TSS, NH3-N, and heavy metals removal efficiency using 1.4 g/200 mL date stones as control parameters, as well as pH and settling time. At pH 8, the most significant removal efficiency for COD, NH3-N, Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, and Ni was 61, 63, 93, 93, 96.5, 51, and 86 %, respectively. The quadratic models for the parameters chosen were found to be significant with low probability (<0.001), except for NH3-N (0.004), Fe (0.0042), and Ni (0.0025). The study's results revealed the potential of utilizing date stones as a natural coagulant for the treatment of iron and steel industrial wastewater