Volume 25 - 2023

Owing to increased population, the ground water pollution and disposal of solid waste from the domestic, commercial and the industrial sources has become higher. Mainly, leachate from sanitary landfills increase the ground water pollution and disposal of solid wastes may produce the emission of carcinogenic greenhouse gases. The gases include Carbon-dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen-dioxide (NO2), Methane (CH4) and Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) which will contributes to the major and detrimental in nature. To know about the extremity of the gases, implementation of integrated sensors networks can transmit and store data in the cloud using the Internet of Things (IoT) to perform future prediction using Machine Learning Algorithm. To estimate ground water pollution, sample locations have been chosen using random sampling method which holds 89% efficiency in data sampling. Due to the increased proportion of liquid and solid waste at 17:93 ratio existence in the city, the study elaborates the health impacts of pathogens by pointing as a cancer capital of around 34% influence rates. Based on the CO2 emission and water pollution analysis, the modelling is done using Linear Regression Machine Learning algorithm which flags up the emission rate that could occur for the next three months with 86% accuracy. Also, appropriate mitigation measures can be suggested to the local government in the view of reducing both ground water pollution and the gaseous emissions. Finally, the identified pollution potential in the Vendipalayam site is compared with other landfill sites level of pollution for providing the adaptive measures further enhances environmental sustainability.

Hazardous metal chromium is used extensively in many different industrial processes and is commonly found in industrial effluents. Hazardous pollutants such inorganic anions, metal ions, synthetic xenobiotics, and others have contaminated ground and surface waters in India and other parts of the world as a result of continued industrial expansion and agricultural development. This study uses betel seed powder and a fixed bed reactor (FBR) technology running at room temperature to extract chromium (VI+) from a synthetic water environment. The fixed-bed research included significant experiments such as the development of breakthrough curves (including the effects of starting Cr (VI+) concentration, BSF size, and flow rate) and bed-depth service time (BDST) approach. Betel Seed Powder was used as a biosorbent to remove Cr (VI+) from aqueous solution. The effects of several variables, including bed height (2.5, 5.5, and 7.5 cm), flow rate of 40, 60, and 100 ml/min, were investigated at an influent pH of 6.5. It was shown that as bed depth, flow velocity, and starting concentration rose, so did the exhaustion time. The biosorptive capacity of betel seed powder in fixed bed reactor tests was approximately 8–9 times higher than that of betel seed powder in continuous stirred batch reactor study. For the removal of Cr (VI+) by BSF, the BDST method achieved a higher bed efficiency of 98.9% and was ideal. The biosorptive ability of BSP was found to be highly correlated with the initial Cr (VI+) concentration (No = 0.089Co).

Dyes play a crucial role in various industries, but their environmental impact and potential health risks have raised concerns. This review paper examines the classification and applications of dyes, highlighting the challenges posed by synthetic dyes and the growing interest in natural dyes. The impact of textile dyes on human health, ecosystems, water, soil, and air emissions is explored. The focus then shifts to sustainable dyeing practices in the denim industry, which can significantly reduce its environmental footprint and enhance product sustainability. The adoption of sustainable dyes aligns with circular economy principles, leading to energy and water savings. Collaboration, consumer awareness, and the integration of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are essential for driving sustainable dye adoption and promoting circular economy principles. The role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors in sustainable denim dyeing is emphasized, encompassing environmental, social, and governance considerations throughout the supply chain. The need to address greenwashing and validate sustainability claims is discussed, highlighting the importance of certifications and transparency. Chemical dyes are recognized as key contributors to achieving sustainability targets in the denim industry, aligning with the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) and reducing carbon emissions. The review concludes by stressing the importance of sustainable dyeing practices, considering water and energy usage, waste generation, and emissions, to minimize the denim industry's environmental impact and achieve sustainability objectives.

In recent years there has been a heightened concentration on the industrial subsectors that are the primary contributors to environmental pollution. Filler materials made from mineral limestone, which is composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), are utilized in the production of polymer composites in order to lower production costs and improve the qualities of some of the composites. On the other hand, eggshells are typically regarded as waste despite the fact that they contain significant amounts of CaCO3 in addition to certain organic membranes. The purpose of this research is to investigate the use of thermal and chemical treatments to produce purified eggshell powder with the interest of utilizing waste eggshell as an alternative to limestone. Polymer composites were developed using bio-epoxy resin with various quantities of eggshell, refined eggshell, and limestone fillers (5%, 10%, and 20% weight). Eggshell could be utilized as filler in bio-epoxy composites, which could then be employed in applications that require a lower cost but a greater tensile and flexural modulus.