Volume 25 - 2023

The present work aimed to carry out the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of hydro-methanolic, ethyl acetate and butanolic extracts of Dianthus sylvestris subsp, aristidis (Batt,) Greuter & Burdet leaves. Phenolics, flavonoids and flavonols contents were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) method respectively. Phytochemical analysis was determined by using LC-ESI-MS/MS method. Antioxidant activity, in vitro, was evaluated by six different assays including: DPPH scavenging, ABTS cation radical, Ferrous ions chelating, Phenanthroline, Reducing power and Silver nanoparticle. The findings showed that the butanolic extract was found to be higher in phenolics and flavonoids contents (121.45 ± 1.87 μg GAE/mg extract and 57.09±0.14 μg QE/mg extract respectively). While ethyl acetate extract was found to be higher in falvonols contents (41.90±0.98µg QE/mg extract). The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of ethyl acetate and butanolic extracts revealed the presence of fifteen compounds among which: four phenolic acids, five flavonoids, one phenolic aldehyde and three vitamins, with P- coumaric acid, Hesperetin, Vanillin, Ascorbic Acid as major compounds respectively. The butanolic and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in Phenanthroline assay (A0,5: 17.75± 0.72 µg/mL and A0.5: 21.02 ± 0.43 µg/mL respectively). On the basis of the significant findings, D. sylvestris subsp, aristidis would be recommended as a new potential source of natural antioxidant for pharmaceutical industries.

The amount and type of waste are increasing due to population growth. Many harmful materials have been in the atmosphere for a very long times. This causes a crisis in the waste disposal and thereby contributes to environmental issues. Recycling concrete manufacturing waste materials not only offers a resource for producing concrete of top standard but also aids in correctly addressing the issue of waste disposal. Due to the leftover ceramic powder's high resistance and inability to be processed by any recycling process, using it in concrete is a good use for it. Using powdered ceramic waste in concrete as a pozzolana, their strength and water absorption were explored. The samples were made with 15% and 20% porcelain dust waste substitutes. Simultaneous effects were determined by using 0.5% and 1% nano-alumina and 15% and 20% waste ceramic powder. compression power, tests for water absorption, and weight and strength loss tests were accomplished. After 7 and 28 days of curing for nano-alumina at 0.5%, the increases in compressive strength are 11.46% and 10.22%, respectively. After 7 and 28 days of curing for 1% of the nano-alumina, the increases in compressive strength are 16.25% and 14.73%, respectively. The findings indicate that the compressive strength of the concrete is not significantly harmed by the inclusion of ceramic waste up to 20%. Additionally, the use of pozzolana, ceramic waste powder, and nano-alumina increases compressive strength while lowering the ability to absorb water. Consequently, nano-alumina can enhance the impacts of ceramic waste powder on concrete's characteristics.

From the last two decades, the amount of waste materials recycled into useable energy sources has grown in popularity due to the fast rise in energy demand caused by the world's population growth. In other words, the conversion of garbage into energy will undoubtedly become an essential topic in the near future. Biodiesel has garnered a great deal of interest recently to reduce pollution generated by the burning of petroleum fuels. Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils and animal-based oils in most cases. Waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCB) is the most suitable resource for biofuel development because it is cost-effective and environmentally friendly, minimizing the amount of waste generated. In order to reduce harmful pollutants from engines, the use of oxygenated fuels seems to be a realistic solution. To minimize the impact on air quality, it is important to use oxy-additives that are specifically formulated for biodiesel and comply with environmental regulations. It is also recommended to use biodiesel blends with lower percentages of oxy-additives and to properly maintain the engines and exhaust systems of vehicles that use biodiesel. The purpose of this exploration is to improve the outcomes of an engine running at various concentrations of methoxyethyl acetate (MEA) additives and WCB biodiesel. The findings were compared to pure diesel, and the results were optimized for different load circumstances and combinations of oxygenated additives for the assessment of emission characteristics.on characteristics.

There are numerous geo-climatic and human factors that contribute to the occurrence of natural disasters in the real-world scenario. Besides the study of causes and preconditions of such calamities, post-disaster analysis is essential for the efficient management of the disaster situation. This process needs timely and accurate data in light of the increasing frequency and severity of climate change-related extreme weather events. The analysis of disaster data involves the challenging task of integrating multiple heterogeneous sources, data ingestion and visualization. This paper aims at providing a three-dimensional analytical view of disaster data as time-series charts and a statistical model to evaluate the correlation between the occurrence of disasters, climate change and the corresponding economic damages (as a percentage of GDP). The created corpus consists of two unified heterogeneous datasets. The first one forms the basis for exploratory data analysis involving visualization charts for disaster-related factors. The second dataset involves temperature anomaly information which allows for climate change analysis. The integration of the above datasets provides scope for correlation analysis using three different variations of coefficients. Therefore, statistical methodologies are leveraged to play important role in managing disasters, from preparation to recovery and reporting. The graphical representations provide insights on regional trends that follow, related to factors such as the proportion of each type of disaster in the various losses incurred. Therefore, obtaining reliable information about the population, the economy and climate are crucial both for risk management and preparedness and for responding to disasters. The research puts forth a detailed statistical methodology with a spatial dimension to study the impacts on the economy and infrastructure in the aftermath of a disaster thereby ensuring specialized assistance. The inference of the analysis confirmed a positive correlation between climate change and occurrence of natural disasters. Therefore, statistical evidence of an important phenomenon like climate change affecting natural disasters brings awareness among the population in the society to be more environmentally responsible.